APÉNDICE

APÉNDICE I. Suero y constituyentes sanguíneos

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APÉNDICE I.

Suero y constituyentes sanguíneos

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APÉNDICE I.

Suero y constituyentes sanguíneos

HEMATOLOGÍA

Adultas no embarazadas^a

Primer trimestre

Segundo trimestre

Tercer trimestre

Referencias

Eritropoyetina^b (U/L)

4–27

12–25

8–67

14–222

7, 10, 47

Ferritina^b (ng/ml)

10–150^d

6–130

2–230

0–116

7, 10, 39, 42, 45, 47, 62, 70

Folato, eritrocítico (ng/ml)

150–450

137–589

94–828

109–663

45, 46, 72

Folato sérico (ng/ml)

5.4–18.0

2.6–15.0

0.8–24.0

1.4–20.7

7, 43, 45, 46, 53, 58, 72

Haptoglobina (mg/ml)

25–250

130 ± 43

115 ± 50

135 ± 65

26A

Hemoglobina^b (g/100 ml)

12–15.8^d

11.6–13.9

9.7–14.8

9.5–15.0

10, 45, 47, 58, 62

Hematócrito^b (%)

35.4–44.4

31.0–41.0

30.0–39.0

28.0–40.0

6, 7, 10, 42, 45 58, 66

Hierro, capacidad total de fijación (TIBC)^b (µg/100 ml)

251–406

278–403

No comunicado

359–609

Hierro sérico^b (µg/100 ml)

41–141

72–143

44–178

30–193

10, 62

Hemoglobina corpuscular media (MCH) (pg/células)

27–32

30–32

30–33

29–32

Volumen corpuscular medio (MCV) (×m³)

79–93

81–96

82–97

81–99

6, 42, 45, 58

Plaquetas (×10⁹/L)

165–415

174–391

155–409

146–429

4, 6, 16, 42, 45

Volumen plaquetario medio (MPV) (µm³)

6.4–11.0

7.7–10.3

7.8–10.2

8.2–10.4

Recuento de eritrocitos (RBC) (×10⁶/mm³)

4.00–5.20^d

3.42–4.55

2.81–4.49

2.71–4.43

6, 42, 45, 58

Amplitud de la distribución del volumen eritrocítico (RDW) (%)

<14.5

12.5–14.1

13.4–13.6

12.7–15.3

Recuento leucocítico (WBC) (×10³/mm³)

3.5–9.1

5.7–13.6

5.6–14.8

5.9–16.9

6, 9, 42, 45, 58

Neutrófilos (×10³/mm³)

1.4–4.6

3.6–10.1

3.8–12.3

3.9–13.1

4, 6, 9, 42

Linfocitos (×10³/mm³)

0.7–4.6

1.1–3.6

0.9–3.9

1.0–3.6

4, 6, 9, 42

Monocitos (×10³/mm³)

0.1–0.7

0.1–1.1

0.1–1.4

6, 9, 42

Eosinófilos (×10³/mm³)

0–0.6

6, 9

Basófilos (×10³/mm³)

0–0.2

0–0.1

6, 9

Transferrina (mg/100 ml)

200–400^c

254–344

220–441

288–530

39, 42

Transferrina, saturación sin hierro (%)

22–46^b

No comunicado

10–44

5–37

Transferrina, saturación con hierro (%)

22–46^b

No comunicado

18–92

9–98

COAGULACIÓN

Adultas no embarazadas^a

Primer trimestre

Segundo trimestre

Tercer trimestre

Referencias

Activador del plasminógeno hístico (ng/ml)

1.6–13^h

1.8–6.0

2.36–6.6

3.34–9.20

15, 16, 25C

Antitrombina III, funcional (%)

70–130

89–114

78–126

82–116

15, 16, 39A

Dímero-D (µg/ml)

0.22–0.74

0.05–0.95

0.32–1.29

0.13–1.7

16, 25, 25C, 35, 39A, 41A, 51

Enfermedad de von Willebrand

Antígeno de factor de von Willebrand (%)

75–125

62–318

90–247

84–422

39A, 44A, 73

ADAMTS-13, proteasa desdobladora de von Willebrand (%)

40–170ⁱ

40–160

22–135

38–105

39A, 44A

Factor V (%)

50–150

75–95

72–96

60–88

Factor VII (%)

50–150

100–146

95–153

149–2 110

Factor VIII (%)

50–150

90–210

97–312

143–353

16, 40

Factor IX (%)

50–150

103–172

154–217

164–235

Factor XI (%)

50–150

80–127

82–144

65–123

Factor XII (%)

50–150

78–124

90–151

129–194

Fibrinógeno (mg/100 ml)

233–496

244–510

291–538

301–696

16, 25, 25C, 39A, 41A, 42, 51

Fibronectina (mg/L)

290 ± 85

377 ± 309

315 ± 295

334 ± 257

27A

Homocisteína (µmol/L)

4.4–10.8

3.34–11

2.0–26.9

3.2–21.4

43, 45, 46, 53, 72

Inhibidor del activador del plasminógeno hístico 1 (ng/ml)

4–43

16–33

36–55

67–92

16, 25C

Proteína C, funcional (%)

70–130

78–121

83–133

67–135

15, 24, 40

Proteína S, actividad funcional (%)

65–140

57–95

42–68

16–42

Proteína S, libre (%)

70–140

34–133

19–113

20–65

24, 40

Proteína S, total (%)

70–140

39–105

27–101

33–101

16, 24, 40

Razón internacional normalizada (INR)

0.9–1.04^g

0.86–1.08

0.83–1.02

0.80–1.09

15, 41A

Tiempo de protrombina (PT) (s)

12.7–15.4

9.7–13.5

9.5–13.4

9.6–12.9

16, 41A, 42

Tiempo de trombina (TT) (s)

17.7 ± 2.8

16.1 ± 1.5

15.4 ± 2.7

16.5 ± 2.4

27A

Tiempo de tromboplastina parcial, activada (aPTT) (s)

26.3–39.4

23.0–38.9

22.9–38.1

22.6–35.0

15, 16, 41A, 42

Trombomodulina (ng/ml)

2.7 ± 3.1

4.3 ± 1.3

4.2 ± 1.2

3.6 ± 1.3

27A

COMPONENTES DE LA QUÍMICA SANGUÍNEA

Adultas no embarazadas^a

Primer trimestre

Segundo trimestre

Tercer trimestre

Referencias

Ácido úrico (mg/100 ml)

2.5–5.6^d

2.0–4.2

2.4–4.9

3.1–6.3

17, 39, 42

Ácidos biliares (µmol/L)

0.3–4.8^j

0–4.9

0–9.1

0–11.3

5, 14

Alanina transaminasa (ALT) (U/L)

7–41

3–30

2–33

2–25

5, 39, 42, 70

Albúmina (g/100 ml)

4.1–5.3^d

3.1–5.1

2.6–4.5

2.3–4.2

3, 5, 26, 29, 39, 42, 72

Antitripsina α-1 (mg/100 ml)

100–200

225–323

273–391

327–487

Amilasa (U/L)

20–96

24–83

16–73

15–81

32, 39, 42, 68

Amoniaco (µM)

31 ± 3.2

—

27.3 ± 1.6

31A

Aspartato transaminasa (AST) (U/L)

12–38

3–23

3–33

4–32

5, 39, 42, 70

Bicarbonato (mmol/L)

22–30

20–24

Bilirrubina conjugada (mg/100 ml)

0.1–0.4

0–0.1

Bilirrubina no conjugada (mg/100 ml)

0.2–0.9

0.1–0.5

0.1–0.4

0.1–0.5

5, 42

Bilirrubina total (mg/100 ml)

0.3–1.3

0.1–0.4

0.1–0.8

0.1–1.1

5, 39

CA-125 (µg/ml)

7.2–27

2.2–268

12–25.1

16.8–43.8

3A, 30A, 67A

Calcio ionizado (mg/100 ml)

4.5–5.3

4.5–5.1

4.4–5.0

4.4–5.3

26, 42, 48, 56

Calcio total (mg/100 ml)

8.7–10.2

8.8–10.6

8.2–9.0

8.2–9.7

3, 29, 39, 42, 48, 56, 63

Ceruloplasmina (mg/100 ml)

25–63

30–49

40–53

43–78

42, 44

Cloruro (meq/L)

102–109

101–105

97–109

20, 39, 42

Creatinina (mg/100 ml)

0.5–0.9^d

0.4–0.7

0.4–0.8

0.4–0.9

39, 42, 45

Desequilibrio aniónico (mmol/L)

7–16

13–17

12–16

Fetoproteína α (ng/ml)

—

∼130–400

∼130–590

39B

Fosfatasa alcalina (U/L)

33–96

17–88

25–126

38–229

3, 5, 39, 42, 70

Fosfato (mg/100 ml)

2.5–4.3

3.1–4.6

2.5–4.6

2.8–4.6

3, 26, 33, 39, 42

Glutamiltranspeptidasa γ (GGT) (U/L)

9–58

2–23

4–22

3–26

5, 42, 39, 70

Lactato deshidrogenasa (U/L)

115–221

78–433

80–447

82–524

42, 29, 39, 70

Lipasa (U/L)

3–43

21–76

26–100

41–112

Magnesio (mg/100 ml)

1.5–2.3

1.6–2.2

1.5–2.2

1.1–2.2

3, 26, 29, 39, 42, 48, 63

Nitrógeno ureico (mg/100 ml)

7–20

7–12

3–13

3–11

20, 39, 42

Osmolalidad (mosm/kg H₂O)

275–295

275–280

276–289

278–280

17, 63

Potasio (meq/L)

3.5–5.0

3.6–5.0

3.3–5.0

3.3–5.1

20, 26, 29, 39, 42, 63, 66

Prealbúmina (mg/100 ml)

17–34

15–27

20–27

14–23

Proteína total (g/100 ml)

6.7–8.6

6.2–7.6

5.7–6.9

5.6–6.7

26, 29, 42

Sodio (meq/L)

136–146

133–148

129–148

130–148

17, 26, 29, 39, 42, 63, 66

PRUEBAS METABÓLICAS Y ENDOCRINAS

Adultas no embarazadas^a

Primer trimestre

Segundo trimestre

Tercer trimestre

Referencias

Aldosterona (ng/100 ml)

2–9

6–104

9–104

15–101

21, 34, 69

Cortisol (µg/100 ml)

0–25

7–19

10–42

12–50

42, 69

Enzima convertidora de angiotensina (ACE) (U/L)

9–67

1–38

1–36

1–39

20, 54

Globulina transportadora de tiroxina (mg/100 ml)

1.3–3.0

1.8–3.2

2.8–4.0

2.6–4.2

Hemoglobina A_1C (%)

4–6

4–7

48, 49, 59

Hormona estimulante de la tiroides (TSH) (µIU/ml)

0.34–4.25

0.60–3.40

0.37–3.60

0.38–4.04

39, 42, 57

Hormona paratiroidea (pg/ml)

8–51

10–15

18–25

9–26

Proteína relacionada con hormona paratiroidea (pmol/L)

<1.3^e

0.7–0.9

1.8–2.2

2.5–2.8

Renina, actividad plasmática (ng/ml/h)

0.3–9.0^e

No comunicado

7.5–54.0

5.9–58.8

20, 34

Tiroxina, libre (fT₄) (ng/100 ml)

0.8–1.7

0.8–1.2

0.6–1.0

0.5–0.8

42, 57

Tiroxina total (T₄) (µg/100 ml)

5.4–11.7

6.5–10.1

7.5–10.3

6.3–9.7

29, 42

Triyodotironina libre (fT₃) (pg/ml)

2.4–4.2

4.1–4.4

4.0–4.2

No comunicado

Triyodotironina total (T₃) (ng/100 ml)

77–135

97–149

117–169

123–162

VITAMINAS Y MINERALES

Adultas no embarazadas^a

Primer trimestre

Segundo trimestre

Tercer trimestre

Referencias

Cinc (µg/100 ml)

75–120

57–88

51–80

50–77

2, 42, 58

Cobre (µg/100 ml)

70–140

112–199

165–221

130–240

2, 30, 42

Selenio (µg/L)

63–160

116–146

75–145

71–133

2, 42

Vitamina A (retinol) (µg/100 ml)

20–100

32–47

35–44

29–42

Vitamina B₁₂ (pg/ml)

279–966

118–438

130–656

99–526

45, 72

Vitamina C (ácido ascórbico) (mg/100 ml)

0.4–1.0

No comunicado

0.9–1.3

Vitamina D, 1,25-dihidroxi (pg/ml)

25–45

20–65

72–160

60–119

3, 48

Vitamina D, 24,25-dihidroxi (ng/ml)

0.5–5.0^e

1.2–1.8

1.1–1.5

0.7–0.9

Vitamina D, 25-hidroxi (ng/ml)

14–80

18–27

10–22

10–18

3, 60

Vitamina E (tocoferol α) (µg/ml)

5–18

7–13

10–16

13–23

MEDIADORES AUTOINMUNITARIOS E INFLAMATORIOS

Adultas no embarazadas^a

Primer trimestre

Segundo trimestre

Tercer trimestre

Referencias

Complemento C3 (mg/100 ml)

83–177

62–98

73–103

77–111

Complemento C4 (mg/100 ml)

16–47

18–36

18–34

22–32

IgA (mg/100 ml)

70–350

95–243

99–237

112–250

IgG (mg/100 ml)

700–1700

981–1267

813–1131

678–990

IgM (mg/100 ml)

50–300

78–232

74–218

85–269

Proteína C reactiva (CRP) (mg/L)

0.2–3.0

No comunicada

0.4–20.3

0.4–8.1

Velocidad de eritrosedimentación (ESR) (mm/h)

0–20^d

4–57

7–47

13–70

HORMONAS SEXUALES

Adultas no embarazadas^a

Primer trimestre

Segundo trimestre

Tercer trimestre

Referencias

Estradiol (pg/ml)

<20–443^d,f

188–2 497

1 278–7 192

6 137–3 460

13, 52

Globulina transportadora de hormonas sexuales (nmol/L)

18–114^d

39–131

214–717

216–724

1, 52

17-Hidroxiprogesterona (nmol/L)

0.6–10.6^d,e

5.2–28.5

15.5–84

Progesterona (ng/ml)

<1–20^d

8–48

99–342

13, 52

Prolactina (ng/ml)

0–20^d

36–213

110–330

137–372

3, 13, 38, 49

Sulfato de dehidroepiandrosterona (DHEAS) (µmol/L)

1.3–6.8^e

2.0–16.5

0.9–7.8

0.8–6.5

Testosterona (ng/100 ml)

6–86^d

25.7–211.4

34.3–242.9

62.9–308.6

LÍPIDOS

Adultas no embarazadas^a

Primer trimestre

Segundo trimestre

Tercer trimestre

Referencias

Apolipoproteína A-I (mg/100 ml)

119–240

111–150

142–253

145–262

18, 39, 49

Apolipoproteína B (mg/100 ml)

52–163

58–81

66–188

85–238

18, 39, 49

Colesterol de HDL (mg/100 ml)

40–60

40–78

52–87

48–87

8, 18, 31, 42, 55

Colesterol de LDL (mg/100 ml)

<00

60–153

77–184

101–224

8, 18, 31, 42, 55

Colesterol de las VLDL (mg/100 ml)

6–40^e

10–18

13–23

21–36

Colesterol total (mg/100 ml)

<200

141–210

176–299

219–349

8, 18, 31, 42

Triglicéridos (mg/100 ml)

<150

40–159

75–382

131–453

8, 18, 31, 39, 42, 55

CARDIACOS

Adultas no embarazadas^a

Primer trimestre

Segundo trimestre

Tercer trimestre

Referencias

Creatina cinasa (U/L)

39–238^d

27–83

25–75

13–101

41, 42

Creatina cinasa-MB(U/L)

<6^k

No comunicado

1.8–2.4

NT-pro-BNP(pg/ml)

50 ± 26

60 ± 45

60 ± 40

43 ± 34

12A

Péptido natriurético auricular (ANP) (pg/ml)

No comunicado

28.1–70.1

No comunicado

Péptido natriurético tipo B (BNP)(pg/ml)

22 ± 10

32 ± 15

31 ± 21

12A

Troponina I(ng/ml)

0–0.08

No comunicado

0–0.064 (durante el parto)

36, 65

GASES SANGUÍNEOS

Adultas no embarazadas^a

Primer trimestre

Segundo trimestre

Tercer trimestre

Referencias

Bicarbonato (HCO₃⁻) (meq/L)

22–26

No comunicado

16–22

P_CO₂ (mmHg)

38–42

No comunicado

25–33

P_O₂ (mmHg)

90–100

93–100

90–98

92–107

23, 67

7.38–7.42

7.36–7.52

7.40–7.52

7.41–7.53

23, 26

(arterial)

(venoso)

7.39–7.45

(arterial)

PRUEBAS DE FUNCIÓN RENAL

Adultas no embarazadas^a

Primer trimestre

Segundo trimestre

Tercer trimestre

Referencias

Depuración de creatinina en 24 h (ml/min)

91–130

69–140

55–136

50–166

22, 66

Excreción de albúmina en 24 h (mg/24 h)

<30

5–15

4–18

3–22

27, 61

Excreción de calcio en 24 h (mmol/24 h)

<7.5^e

1.6–5.2

0.3–6.9

0.8–4.2

Excreción de creatinina en 24 h (mmol/24 h)

8.8–14^e

10.6–11.6

10.3–11.5

10.2–11.4

Excreción de potasio en 24 h (mmol/24 h)

25–100^e

17–33

10–38

11–35

Excreción de proteína en 24 h (mg/24 h)

<150

19–141

47–186

46–185

Excreción de sodio en 24 h (mmol/24 h)

100–260^e

53–215

34–213

37–149

17, 66

Flujo plasmático renal efectivo (ml/min)

492–696^d,e

696–985

612–1 170

595–945

19, 22

Fracción de filtración (%)

16.9–24.7^l

14.7–21.6

14.3–21.9

17.1–25.1

19, 22, 50

Osmolaridad urinaria (mosm/kg)

500–800

326–975

278–1 066

238–1 034

Tasa de filtración glomerular (GFR) (ml/min)

106–132^d

131–166

135–170

117–182

19, 22, 50

^a A menos que se especifique lo contrario, todos los valores de referencia normales proceden de la decimoséptima edición de Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine (37).

^b El intervalo comprende referencias con y sin complementos de hierro.

^c Los valores de referencia proceden del Laboratory Reference Handbook, Pathology Department, Parkland Hospital, 2005.

^d El intervalo de referencia normal es específico de las mujeres.

^e Los valores de referencia proceden de la 15a. edición de Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine (12).

^f El intervalo es para premenopáusicas y varía con la fase del ciclo menstrual.

^g Los valores de referencia proceden de Cerneca et al.: Coagulation and fibrinolysis changes in normal pregnancy increased levels of procoagulants and reduced levels of inhibitors during pregnancy induce a hypercoagulable state, combined with a reactive fibrinolysis (15).

^h Los valores de referencia proceden de Cerneca et al. y Choi et al.: Tissue plasminogen activator levels change with plasma fibrinogen concentrations during pregnancy (15,16).

ⁱ Los valores de referencia proceden de Mannucci et al.: Changes in health and disease of the metalloprotease that cleaves von Willebrand factor (44A).

^j Los valores de referencia proceden de Bacq Y et al.: Liver function tests in normal pregnancy: a prospective study of 102 pregnant women and 102 matched controls (5).

^k Los valores de referencia proceden de Leiserowitz GS et al.: Creatine kinase and its MB isoenzyme in the third trimester and the peripartum period (41).

^l Los valores de referencia proceden de Dunlop W: Serial changes in renal haemodynamics during normal human pregnancy (19).

Apéndice cortesía de la Dra. Mina Abbassi-Ghanavati y de la Dra. Laura G. Greer.

APÉNDICE II. Mediciones ecocardiográficas maternas

Escuchar

APÉNDICE II.

Mediciones ecocardiográficas maternas

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APÉNDICE II.

Mediciones ecocardiográficas maternas

Embarazo

Ventrículo izquierdo

Primer trimestre

Segundo trimestre

Tercer trimestre

Posparto

Geometría

IVS_d (mm)

7.3 ± 1.0

7.4 ± 1.1

7.8 ± 1.2

7.1 ± 0.9

LVEDD (mm)

45–47.8

47–48.9

47–49.6

46–48.8

LVESD (mm)

28–30

29–30.1

30–30.8

28–30.6

PW_d

6.3 ± 0.7

6.6 ± 0.7

6.9 ± 1.0

6.1 ± 0.6

RWT

0.26–0.36

0.27–0.37

0.28–0.38

0.25–0.35

Masa de LV (g)

111–121

121–135

136–151

114–119

Masa de LV (g/m²)

66 ± 13

70 ± 12

76 ± 16

67 ± 11

Función sistólica

FS (%)

37–38

76–78

80–85

67–69

Engrosamiento de SW (%)

47 ± 17

53 ± 16

51 ± 15

54 ± 19

Engrosamiento de PW (%)

66 ± 16

72 ± 16

74 ± 16

71 ± 14

VCFC (circ/s)

1.15–0.3

1.18–0.16

1.18–0.12

ESS (g/cm²)

59 ± 9

53 ± 11

52 ± 11

66 ± 12

Función diastólica

Frecuencia cardiaca

75–76

76–78

80–85

67–69

Onda E mitral (m/s)

0.85 ± 0.13

0.84 ± 0.16

0.77 ± 0.15

0.77 ± 0.11

Onda A mitral (m/s)

0.5 ± 0.09

0.5 ± 0.1

0.55 ± 0.1

0.46 ± 0.1

Tiempo de desaceleración (ms)

176 ± 44

188 ± 40

193 ± 33

201 ± 48

IVRT (ms)

90 ±19

79 ± 18

72 ± 16

69 ± 10

Duración de onda E (ms)

263 ± 50

276 ± 43

282 ± 37

288 ± 48

Duración de ondas E y A

454 ± 121

412 ± 79

375 ± 63

523 ± 88

Los valores son intervalos o medias ± SD.

Circ, circunferencia; d, diastólica; ESS, tensión en la pared al final de la sístole; FS, acortamiento fraccional; IVRT, tiempo de relajación isovolumétrica; IVS_d, tabique interventricular-diástole; LV, ventrículo izquierdo; LVEDD, dimensión telediastólica del ventrículo izquierdo; LVESD, dimensión telesistólica del ventrículo izquierdo; PW, pared posterior; RWT, engrosamiento relativo de la pared; SW, pared septal; VCFC, velocidad media de engrosamiento de la fibra circunferencial ajustada para la frecuencia.

Datos de Savu (62A) y Vitarelli (71A).

APÉNDICE III. Mediciones ecográficas fetales

Escuchar

APÉNDICE III.

Mediciones ecográficas fetales

CUADRO III-1. Diámetro medio del saco gestacional y longitud corona-rabadilla, y edad menstrual correspondiente

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APÉNDICE III.

Mediciones ecográficas fetales

CUADRO III-1. Diámetro medio del saco gestacional y longitud corona-rabadilla, y edad menstrual correspondiente

Edad menstrual (día)

Edad menstrual (semana)

Tamaño del saco gestacional (mm)

Longitud corona-rabadilla (cm)

4.3

4.6

4.9

5.1

5.4

5.7

0.2

6.0

0.35

6.3

0.5

6.6

0.7

6.9

0.9

7.1

1.0

7.4

1.2

7.7

1.4

8.0

1.6

8.3

1.8

8.6

2.0

8.9

2.2

9.1

2.4

9.4

2.6

9.7

2.9

10.0

3.1

10.3

3.4

10.6

3.7

10.9

4.0

11.1

4.2

11.4

4.6

11.7

5.0

12.0

5.4

Adaptado con autorización de Nyberg, 2003 (51A).

CUADRO III-2.

Percentiles de edad gestacional media correspondientes a las mediciones de longitud corona-rabadilla (CRL, crown-rump length)

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CUADRO III-2.

Percentiles de edad gestacional media correspondientes a las mediciones de longitud corona-rabadilla (CRL, crown-rump length)

Edad gestacional (semanas)

Percentiles

CRL (mm)

6 + 5

7 + 3

9 + 5

10 + 2

6 + 6

7 + 4

8 + 2

9 + 5

10 + 3

11 + 1

7 + 1

7 + 5

8 + 3

9 + 6

10 + 4

11 + 2

7 + 2

8 + 4

10 + 5

11 + 2

7 + 3

8 + 4

8 + 6

10 + 1

10 + 6

11 + 3

7 + 4

8 + 2

10 + 2

10 + 6

11 + 4

7 + 5

8 + 3

9 + 1

10 + 2

11 + 5

8 + 4

9 + 2

10 + 3

11 + 1

11 + 6

8 + 1

8 + 5

9 + 3

10 + 4

11 + 2

11 + 6

8 + 2

8 + 6

9 + 4

10 + 5

11 + 2

8 + 3

9 + 5

10 + 5

11 + 3

12 + 1

8 + 4

9 + 1

9 + 6

10 + 6

11 + 4

12 + 1

8 + 5

9 + 2

11 + 4

12 + 2

8 + 6

9 + 3

10 + 1

11 + 5

12 + 3

8 + 6

9 + 4

10 + 2

11 + 1

11 + 6

12 + 3

9 + 5

10 + 3

11 + 2

11 + 6

12 + 4

9 + 1

9 + 6

10 + 4

11 + 2

12 + 5

9 + 2

10 + 5

11 + 3

12 + 1

12 + 5

9 + 3

10 + 1

10 + 5

11 + 4

12 + 1

12 + 6

9 + 4

10 + 2

10 + 6

11 + 4

11 + 2

CUADRO III-3.

Percentiles de peso fetal según la edad gestacional

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CUADRO III-3.

Percentiles de peso fetal según la edad gestacional

Edad gestacional (semana)

Percentiles de peso fetal (g)

109

117

137

147

109

121

146

171

183

135

150

181

212

227

166

185

223

261

280

204

227

273

319

342

247

275

331

387

415

298

331

399

467

500

357

397

478

559

599

424

472

568

664

712

500

556

670

784

840

586

652

785

918

984

681

758

913

1068

1145

787

876

1055

1234

1323

903

1005

1210

1415

1517

1029

1145

1379

1613

1729

1163

1294

1559

1824

1955

1306

1454

1751

2048

2196

1457

1621

1953

2285

2449

1613

1795

2162

2529

2711

1773

1973

2377

2781

2981

1936

2154

2595

3026

3254

2098

2335

2813

3291

3528

2259

2514

3028

3542

3797

2414

2687

3236

3785

4058

2563

2852

3435

4018

4307

2700

3004

3619

4234

4538

2825

3144

3787

4430

4749

2935

3266

3934

4602

4933

Tomado con autorización de Hadlock, 1991 (25B).

CUADRO III-4.

Percentiles de peso al nacer suavizados para gemelos con placentación dicoriónica

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CUADRO III-4.

Percentiles de peso al nacer suavizados para gemelos con placentación dicoriónica

GA (semanas)

Percentiles de peso al nacer suavizados

477

513

632

757

801

538

578

712

853

903

606

652

803

962

1018

684

735

906

1085

1148

771

829

1021

1223

1294

870

935

1152

1379

1459

980

1054

1298

1554

1645

1102

1186

1460

1748

1850

1235

1328

1635

1958

2072

1374

1477

1819

2179

2306

1515

1630

2007

2403

2543

1653

1778

2190

2622

2775

1781

1916

2359

2825

2989

1892

2035

2506

3001

3176

1989

2139

2634

3155

3339

2079

2236

2753

3297

3489

2167

2331

2870

3437

3637

2258

2428

2990

3581

3790

2352

2530

3115

3731

3948

GA, edad gestacional.

Tomado con autorización de Ananth, 1998 (2A).

CUADRO III-5.

Percentiles de peso al nacer suavizados para gemelos con placentación monocoriónica

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CUADRO III-5.

Percentiles de peso al nacer suavizados para gemelos con placentación monocoriónica

GA (semanas)

Percentiles de peso al nacer suavizados

392

431

533

648

683

456

501

620

753

794

530

582

720

875

922

615

676

836

1017

1072

713

784

970

1178

1242

823

904

1119

1360

1433

944

1037

1282

1559

1643

1072

1178

1457

1771

1867

1204

1323

1637

1990

2097

1335

1467

1814

2205

2325

1457

1601

1980

2407

2537

1562

1716

2123

2580

2720

1646

1808

2237

2719

2866

1728

1899

2349

2855

3009

1831

2012

2489

3025

3189

1957

2150

2660

3233

3408

2100

2307

2854

3469

3657

2255

2478

3065

3726

3927

2422

2661

3292

4001

4217

GA, edad gestacional.

Tomado con autorización de Ananth, 1998 (2A).

CUADRO III-6.

Mediciones de circunferencia torácica fetal (cm) según la edad gestacional

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CUADRO III-6.

Mediciones de circunferencia torácica fetal (cm) según la edad gestacional

Edad gestacional (semanas)

Percentiles predictivos

No.

2.5

97.5

5.9

6.4

7.0

8.0

9.1

10.3

11.3

11.9

12.4

6.8

7.3

7.9

8.9

10.0

11.2

12.2

12.8

13.3

7.7

8.2

8.8

9.8

11.0

12.1

13.1

13.7

14.2

8.6

9.1

9.7

10.7

11.9

13.0

14.0

14.6

15.1

9.6

10.0

10.6

11.7

12.8

13.9

15.0

15.5

16.0

10.4

11.0

11.6

12.6

13.7

14.8

15.8

16.4

16.9

11.3

11.9

12.5

13.5

14.6

15.7

16.7

17.3

17.8

12.2

12.8

13.4

14.4

15.5

16.6

17.6

18.2

18.8

13.2

13.7

14.3

15.3

16.4

17.5

18.5

19.1

19.7

14.1

14.6

15.2

16.2

17.3

18.4

19.4

20.0

20.6

15.0

15.5

16.1

17.1

18.2

19.3

20.3

21.0

21.5

15.9

16.4

17.0

18.0

19.1

20.2

21.3

21.9

22.4

16.8

17.3

17.9

18.9

20.0

21.2

22.2

22.8

23.3

17.7

18.2

18.8

19.8

21.0

22.1

23.1

23.7

24.2

18.6

19.1

19.7

20.7

21.9

23.0

24.0

24.6

25.1

19.5

20.0

20.6

21.6

22.8

23.9

24.9

25.5

26.0

20.4

20.9

21.5

22.6

23.7

24.8

25.8

26.4

26.9

21.3

21.8

22.5

23.5

24.6

25.7

26.7

27.3

27.8

22.2

22.8

23.4

24.4

25.5

26.6

27.6

28.2

28.7

23.1

23.7

24.3

25.3

26.4

27.5

28.5

29.1

29.6

24.0

24.6

25.2

26.2

27.3

28.4

29.4

30.0

30.6

24.8

25.5

26.1

27.1

28.2

29.3

30.3

30.9

31.5

25.9

26.4

27.0

28.0

29.1

30.2

31.2

31.9

32.4

26.8

27.3

27.9

28.9

30.0

31.1

32.2

32.8

33.3

27.7

28.2

28.8

29.8

30.9

32.1

33.1

33.7

34.2

Adaptado con autorización de Chitkara, 1987 (15A).

CUADRO III-7.

Longitud de huesos largos (mm) según la edad gestacional

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CUADRO III-7.

Longitud de huesos largos (mm) según la edad gestacional

Semana

Húmero Percentil

Cúbito Percentil

Radio Percentil

Fémur Percentil

Tibia Percentil

Peroné Percentil

Adaptado con autorización de Jeanty, 1983 (30B).

CUADRO III-8.

Parámetros oculares según la edad gestacional

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CUADRO III-8.

Parámetros oculares según la edad gestacional

Edad (semanas)

Distancia binocular (mm)

Distancia interocular (mm)

Diámetro ocular (mm)

Adaptado con autorización de Romero, 1988 (61A).

CUADRO III-9.

Mediciones del diámetro cerebelar transversal según la edad gestacional

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CUADRO III-9.

Mediciones del diámetro cerebelar transversal según la edad gestacional

Edad gestacional (semanas)

Diámetro del cerebelo (mm)

21.5

28.5

40.5

48.5

Adaptado con autorización de Goldstein, 1987 (25A).

CUADRO III-10.

Valores de referencia para los índices Doppler de la arteria umbilical

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CUADRO III-10.

Valores de referencia para los índices Doppler de la arteria umbilical

GA (semana)

Percentiles

Índice de resistencia

Índice sistólico/ diastólico

Índice de resistencia

Índice sistólico/ diastólico

Índice de resistencia

Índice sistólico/ diastólico

0.70

3.39

0.80

5.12

0.90

10.50

0.69

3.27

0.79

4.86

0.89

9.46

0.68

3.16

0.78

4.63

0.88

8.61

0.67

3.06

0.77

4.41

0.87

7.90

0.66

2.97

0.76

4.22

0.86

7.30

0.65

2.88

0.75

4.04

0.85

6.78

0.64

2.79

0.74

3.88

0.84

6.33

0.63

2.71

0.73

3.73

0.83

5.94

0.62

2.64

0.72

3.59

0.82

5.59

0.61

2.57

0.71

3.46

0.81

5.28

0.60

2.50

0.70

3.34

0.80

5.01

0.59

2.44

0.69

3.22

0.79

4.76

0.58

2.38

0.68

3.12

0.78

4.53

0.57

2.32

0.67

3.02

0.77

4.33

0.56

2.26

0.66

2.93

0.76

4.14

0.55

2.21

0.65

2.84

0.75

3.97

0.54

2.16

0.64

2.76

0.74

3.81

0.53

2.11

0.63

2.68

0.73

3.66

0.52

2.07

0.62

2.61

0.72

3.53

0.51

2.03

0.61

2.54

0.71

3.40

0.50

1.98

0.60

2.47

0.70

3.29

0.49

1.94

0.59

2.41

0.69

3.18

0.47

1.90

0.57

2.35

0.67

3.08

0.46

1.87

0.56

2.30

0.66

2.98

0.45

1.83

0.55

2.24

0.65

2.89

0.44

1.80

0.54

2.19

0.64

2.81

0.43

1.76

0.53

2.14

0.63

2.73

GA, edad gestacional.

Adaptado con autorización de Kofinas, 1992 (35A).

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APÉNDICE

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Contenido del capítulo

APÉNDICE I. Suero y constituyentes sanguíneos

APÉNDICE II. Mediciones ecocardiográficas maternas

APÉNDICE III. Mediciones ecográficas fetales

REFERENCIAS DEL APÉNDICE

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