Lecturas recomendadas

1. Analgésicos

Chaparro LE, Wiffen PJ, Moore RA, Gilron I. Combination pharmacotherapy for the treatment of neuropathic pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Jul 11 ;7:CD008943. Review.

Geeganage CM, Diener HC, Algra A, Chen C, Topol EJ. Dual or mono antiplatelet therapy for patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Stroke. 2012;43(4):1058 –66.

Helfand M, Freeman M. Assessment and management of acute pain in adult medical inpatients: a systematic review. Pain Med. 2009;10:1183 –99.

Kehlet W, Werner MU. Role of paracetamol in acute pain management. Drugs. 2003;63:15 –22.

Kroenke K, Krebs EE, Bair MJ. Pharmacotherapy of chronic pain: a synthesis of recommendations from systematic reviews. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2009;31:206 –19.

Michelet D, Andreu-Gallien J, Bensalah T. A meta-analysis of the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs for pediatric postoperative pain. Anesth Analg. 2012;114:393 –406.

Othman M, Jones L, Neilson JP. Non-opioid drugs for pain management in labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Jul 11 ;7:CD009223. Review.

Palacio S, Hart RG, Pearce LA, Benavente OR. Effect of addition of clopidogrel to aspirin on mortality: systematic review of randomized trials. Stroke. 2012 Aug;43(8):2157 –62. Review.

Pinto RZ, Maher CG, Ferreira ML. Drugs for relief of pain in patients with sciatica: systematic review and meta-analysis. Brit Med J. 2012;344:e497.

Schnitzer TJ. Update on guidelines for the treatment of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Clin Rheumatol 2006;25:S22 –9.

Schrock SD, Harraway-Smith C. Labor analgesia. Am Fam Physician. 2012;85(5):447 –54.

Scott LJ, Perry CM. Tramadol. A review of its use in perioperative pain. Drugs. 2000;60:139 –76.

Scott PA, Kingsley GH, Smith CM. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and myocardial infarctions: comparative systematic review of evidence from observational studies and randomised controlled trials. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007 Oct;66(10):1296 –304.

Silberstein SD, Holland S, Freitag F. Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Headache Society. Evidence-based guideline update: pharmacologic treatment for episodic migraine prevention in adults: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Headache Society. Neurology. 2012;78(17):1337 –45.

Vinik A. Use of antiepileptic drugs in the treatment of chronic painful diabetic neuropathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90:4936 –45.

2. Anestésicos locales

Grossi P, Urmey WF. Peripheral nerve blocks for anaesthesia and postoperative analgesia. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2003;16:493 –501.

Leone S, Di Cianni S, Casati A, Fanelli G. Pharmacology, toxicology, and clinical use of new long acting local anesthetics, ropivacaine and levobupivacaine. Acta Biomed. 2008;79:92 –105.

Novikova N, Cluver C. Local anaesthetic nerve block for pain management in labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Apr 18 ;4:CD009200.

Sobanko JF, Miller CJ, Alster TS. Topical anesthetics for dermatologic procedures: a review. Dermatol Surg. 2012;38:709 –21.

Vigneault L, Turgeon AF, Côté D. Perioperative intravenous lidocaine infusion for postoperative pain control: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Can J Anaesth. 2011;58(1):22 –37.

Wolfe JW, Butterworth JF. Local anesthetic systemic toxicity: update on mechanisms and treatment. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2011;24:561 –6.

3. Antialérgicos

Belsito DV. Second-generation antihistamines for the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria. J Drugs Dermatol. 2010;9:503 –12.

Bielory L, Chun Y, Bielory BP, Canonica GW. Impact of mometasone furoate nasal spray on individual ocular symptoms of allergic rhinitis: a meta-analysis. Allergy. 2011; 66(5):686 –93.

Fedorowicz Z, van Zuuren EJ, Hu N. Histamine H2-receptor antagonists for urticaria. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Mar 14 ;3:CD008596.

Mösges R, König V, Köberlein J. The effectiveness of levocetirizine in comparison with loratadine in treatment of allergic rhinitis-a meta-analysis. Allergol Int. 2011;60(4):541 –6.

Rodrigo GJ, Yañez A. The role of antileukotriene therapy in seasonal allergic rhinitis: a systematic review of randomized trials. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2006;96:779 –86.

Sur DK, Scandale S. Treatment of allergic rhinitis. Am Fam Physician. 2010;81:1440 –6.

Weinstein ME, Wolff AH, Bielory L. Efficacy and tolerability of second- and third-generation antihistamines in the treatment of acquired cold urticaria: a meta-analysis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2010;104(6):518 –22.

Yanai K, Rogala B, Chugh K. Safety considerations in the management of allergic diseases: focus on antihistamines. Curr Med Res Opin. 2012;28:623 –42.

4. Antianémicos

Fishbane S. The role of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in the treatment of anemias. Am J Manag Care. 2010;16 Suppl:S67 –73.

Fernández-Gaxiola AC, De-Regil LM. Intermittent iron supplementation for reducing anaemia and its associated impairments in menstruating women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Dec 7 ;(12):CD009218.

Pang WW, Schrier SL. Anemia in the elderly. Curr Opin Hematol. 2012;19:133 –40.

Peña-Rosas JP, De-Regil LM, Dowswell T, Viteri FE. Intermittent oral iron supplementation during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Jul 11 ;7:CD009997. Review.

Testa U. Erythropoietic stimulating agents. Expert Opin Emerging Drugs. 2010;15:119 –38.

Zhu A, Kaneshiro M, Kaunitz JD. Evaluation and treatment of iron-deficiency anemia: a gastroenterological perspective. Dig Dis Sci. 2010;55:548 –59.

5. Antianginosos

Shu de F, Dong BR, Lin XF. Long-term beta blockers for stable angina: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2012;19(3):330 –41.

Welch TD, Yang EH, Reeder GS, Gersh BJ. Modern management of acute myocardial infarction. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2012;37(7):237 –310.

Yiadom MY. Emergency department treatment of acute coronary syndromes. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2011;29(4):699 –710.

6. Antiarrítmicos

Bajpal A, Savelieva I, Camm AJ. Treatment of atrial fibrillation. Br Med Bull. 2008;88:75 –94.

Chen S, Dong Y, Fan J, Yin Y. Rate vs. rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation —an updated meta-analysis of 10 randomized controlled trials. Int J Cardiol. 2011;153(1):96 –8.

Dobrev D, Nattel S. New antiarrhythmic drugs for treatment of atrial fibrillation. Lancet. 2010;375:1212 –23.

Gramley F, Himmrich E, Mollnau H, Theis C, Hammwohner M, Goette A. Recent advances in the pharmacological treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Drugs Today. 2009;45:807 –24.

7. Antiasmáticos

Bacharier LB. Step-down therapy in asthma: a focus on treatment options for patients receiving inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta-agonist combination therapy. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2012;33:13 –8.

Castro-Rodriguez JA, Rodrigo GJ. The role of inhaled corticosteroids and montelukast in children with mild-moderate asthma: results of a systematic review with meta-analysis. Arch Dis Child. 2010;95:365 –70.

Castro-Rodriguez JA, Rodrigo GJ. A systematic review of long-acting β2-agonists versus higher doses of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma. Pediatrics. 2012;130(3):e650-7.

Oppenheimer J, Nelson HS. Safety of long-acting beta-agonists in asthma: a review. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2008;14:64 –9.

Papi A. Treatment strategies in mild asthma. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2009;15:29034.

Rogers L, Reibman J. Stepping down asthma treatment: how and when. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2012;18:70 –5.

Viswanathan RK, Busse WW. Allergen immunotherapy in allergic respiratory diseases: from mechanisms to meta-analyses. Chest. 2012;141(5):1303 –14.

Watts K, Chavasse RJ. Leukotriene receptor antagonists in addition to usual care for acute asthma in adults and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 May 16 ;5:CD006100.

Zhang L, Axelsson I, Chung M, Lau J. Dose response of inhaled corticosteroids in children with persistent asthma: a systematic review. Pediatrics. 2011;127:129 –38.

8. Anticoagulantes y antitrombóticos

Alexander KP, Peterson ED. Minimizing the risks of anticoagulants and platelet inhibitors. Circulation. 2010;121:1960 –70.

Ansara AJ, Nishy SA, Arif SA. Aspirin dosing for the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke: an indication-specific review of the literature. Ann Pharmacother. 2010;44:851 –62.

Bochenek T, Nizankowski R. The treatment of venous thromboembolism with low-molecularweight heparins. A meta-analysis. Thromb Haemost. 2012;107:699 –716.

Denas G, Pengo V. Current anticoagulant safety. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2012;11:401 –13.

Haq SA, Heitner JF, Sacchi TJ, Brener SJ. Long-term effect of chronic oral anticoagulation with warfarin after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Med. 2010;123(3):250 –8.

Paikin JS, Wright DS, Eikelboom JW. Effectiveness and safety of combined antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy: a critical review of the evidence from randomized controlled trials. Blood Rev. 2011;25(3):123 –9.

Schulman S. New aspects on treatment modalities for thromboembolic episodes. J Intern Med. 2010;268:109 –19.

9. Anticonceptivos

Fruzzetti F, Bitzer J. Review of clinical experience with estradiol in combined oral contraceptives. Contraception. 2010;81(1):8 –15.

Gallo MF, Nanda K, Grimes DA. 20 μg versus >20 μg estrogen combined oral contraceptives for contraception. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Jan 19 ;(1):CD003989.

Leung VW, Levine M, Soon JA. Mechanisms of action of hormonal emergency contraceptives. Pharmacotherapy. 2010;30(2):158 –68.

Manzoli L, De Vito C, Marzuillo C. Oral contraceptives and venous thromboembolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Saf. 2012;35(3):191 –205.

Sarkar NN. The emergency contraceptive drug, levonorgestrel: a review of post-coital oral and peri-coital vaginal administration for prevention of pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2011;31:703 –7.

Tough K, Thacker HL. Update on contraceptive options: a case-based discussion. Cleve Clin J Med. 2012;79:207 –12.

10. Antidepresivos

Allan GM, Virani AS, Ivers N. Second-generation antidepressants. Can Fam Physician. 2011;57:1143.

de Silva VA, Hanwella R. Efficacy and tolerability of venlafaxine versus specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors in treatment of major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of published studies. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2012;27(1):8 –16.

Farahani A, Correll CU. Are antipsychotics or antidepressants needed for psychotic depression? A systematic review and meta-analysis of trials comparing antidepressant or antipsychotic monotherapy with combination treatment. J Clin Psychiatry. 2012;73:486 –96.

Fournier JC, DeRubeis RJ, Hollon SD. Antidepressant drug effects and depression severity: a patient-level meta-analysis. JAMA. 2010;303:47 –53.

Gartlehner G, Hansen RA, Morgan LC. Comparative benefits and harms of second-generation antidepressants for treating major depressive disorder: an updated meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155(11):772 –85.

Marazziti D, Consoli G. Treatment strategies for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2010 Feb;11(3):331 –43.

Price AL, Marzani-Nissen GR. Bipolar disorders: a review. Am Fam Physician. 2012;85:483 –93.

Rocha FL, Fuzikawa C, Riera R, Hara C. Combination of antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2012;32:278 –81.

Thaler K, Delivuk M, Chapman A. Second-generation antidepressants for seasonal affective disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Dec 7 ;(12):CD008591.

Wren FJ, Foy JM, Ibeziako PI. Primary care management of child & adolescent depressive disorders. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2012;21:401 –19.

11. Antidiabéticos

Boussageon R, Supper I, Bejan-Angoulvant T. Reappraisal of metformin efficacy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. PLoS Med. 2012;9(4):e1001204.

Bennett WL, Odelola OA, Wilson LM. Evaluation of guideline recommendations on oral medications for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2012;156:27 –36.

Callaghan BC, Cheng HT, Stables CL. Diabetic neuropathy: clinical manifestations and current treatments. Lancet Neurol. 2012;11:521 –34.

Gavin JR, Freeman JS, Shubrook JH Jr, Lavernia F. Type 2 diabetes mellitus: practical approaches for primary care physicians. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2011;111(5 Suppl 4):S3 –12.

Hemmingsen B, Christensen LL, Wetterslev J. Comparison of metformin and insulin versus insulin alone for type 2 diabetes: systematic review of randomised clinical trials with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. Brit Med J. 2012;344:e1771.

Pratley RE, Gilbert M. Clinical management of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Postgrad Med. 2012;124:133 –43.

Phung OJ, Baker WL, Tongbram V, Bhardwaj A, Coleman CI. Oral antidiabetic drugs and regression from prediabetes to normoglycemia: a meta-analysis. Ann Pharmacother. 2012;46(4): 469 –76

Roach P. New insuline analogues and routes of delivery. Pharmacodynamic and clinical considerations. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2008;47:595 –610.

Swinnen SG, Simon AC, Holleman F. Insulin detemir versus insulin glargine for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Jul 6 ;(7):CD006383.

Tricco AC, Ivers NM, Grimshaw JM. Effectiveness of quality improvement strategies on the management of diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2012;379:2252 –61.

12. Antidiarreicos

Alam S, Bhatnagar S. Current status of anti-diarrheal and anti-secretory drugs in the management of acute childhood diarrhea. Indian J Pediatr. 2006;73:693 –6.

Mota-Hernández F, Gutiérrez C, Gómez J. Actualización en el manejo de la diarrea en niños. Bol Méd Hosp Infant Méx. 2003;60:655 –70.

Paredes-Paredes M, Flores-Figueroa J, Dupont HL. Advances in the treatment of travelers’ diarrhea. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2011;13:402 –7.

Regnard C, Twycross R, Mihalyo M, Wilcock A. Loperamide. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2011;42(2):319 –23.

13. Antídotos

Amitai Y. Clinical manifestations and management of scorpion envenomation. Public Health Rev. 1998;26:257 –63.

Betten DP, Vohra RB, Cook MD. Antidote use in the critically poisoned patient. J Intensive Care Med. 2006;21:255 –77.

Heard K, O’Malley GF, Dart RC. Antivenom therapy in the Americas. Drugs. 1999;58:5 –15.

Isbister GK, Kumar VV. Indications for single-dose activated charcoal administration in acute overdose. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2011;17:351 –7.

Isbister GK, Graudins A, White J, Warrell D. Antivenom treatment in arachnidism. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2003;41:291 –300.

Lallo DG, Theakston RD. Snake antivenoms. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2003;41:177 –90.

Marraffa JM, Cohen V, Howland MA. Antidotes for toxicological emergencies: a practical review. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2012;69:199 –212.

White ML, Liebelt EL. Update on antidotes for pediatric poisoning. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2006;22:740 –6.

14. Antieméticos y antivertiginosos

Basch E, Prestrud AA, Hesketh PJ. Antiemetics: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29:4189 –98.

Glare P, Miller J, Nikolova T, Tickoo R. Treating nausea and vomiting in palliative care: a review. Clin Interv Aging. 2011;6:243 –59.

Naeim A, Dy SM, Lorenz KA, Sanati H. Evidence-based recommendations for cancer nausea and vomiting. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:3903 –10.

Rawlinson A, Kitchingham N, Hart C. Mechanisms of reducing postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting: a systematic review of current techniques. Evid Based Med. 2012;17(3):75 –80.

15. Antiepilépticos

Jankovic SM, Dostic M. Choice of antiepileptic drugs for the elderly: possible drug interactions and adverse effects. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2012 Jan;8(1):81 –91. Epub 2011 Dec 19 . Review.

Oluwabusi T, Sood SK. Update on the management of simple febrile seizures: emphasis on minimal intervention. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2012;24:259 –65.

Penovich PE, Willmore LJ. Use of a new antiepileptic drug or an old one as first drug for treatment of absence epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2009;50 (Suppl 8):37 –41.

St Louis EK, Rosenfeld WE, Bramley T. Antiepileptic drug monotherapy: the initial approach in epilepsy management. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2009;7:77 –82.

Stern JM. Overview of evaluation and treatment guidelines for epilepsy. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2009;11:273 –84.

Stephen LJ, Brodie MJ. Antiepileptic drug monotherapy versus polytherapy: pursuing seizure freedom and tolerability in adults. Curr Opin Neurol. 2012;25(2):164 –72.

Talati R, Scholle JM, phung OP. Efficacy and safety of innovator versus generic drugs in patients with epilepsy: a systematic review. Pharmacotherapy. 2012;32:314 –22.

16. Antiglaucomatosos

Burr J, Azuara-Blanco A, Avenell A, Tuulonen A. Medical versus surgical interventions for open angle glaucoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Sep 12 ;9:CD004399.

Carta F, Supuran CT, Scozzafava A. Novel therapies for glaucoma: a patent review 2007-2011. Expert Opin Ther Pat. 2012;22:79 –88.

Coppens G, Stalmans I, Zeyen T, Casteels I. The safety and efficacy of glaucoma medication in the pediatric population. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2009;46(1):12 –8.

Costagliola C, dell’Omo R, Romano MR. Pharmacotherapy of intraocular pressure: part I. Parasympathomimetic, sympathomimetic and sympatholytics. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2009;10:2663 –77.

Razeghinejad MR, Sawchyn AK, Katz LJ. Fixed combinations of dorzolamide-timolol and brimonidine-timolol in the management of glaucoma. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2010; 11(6):959 –68.

17. Antigotosos

Jordan KM. Up-to-date management of gout. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2012;24:145 –51.

Ruoff G. The treatment of gout. J Fam Pract. 2012;61(6 Suppl):S11 –5.

18. Antigripales

Fashner J, Ericson K, Werner S. Treatment of the common cold in children and adults. Am Fam Physician. 2012;86(2):153 –9.

19. Antihelmínticos

Basañez MG, Pion SD, Boakes E. Effect of single-dose ivermectin on Onchocerca volvulus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2008;8:310 –22.

Brunetti E, White AC Jr. Cestode infestations: hydatid disease and cysticercosis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2012;26(2):421 –35.

Gonzales ML, Dans LF, Martinez EG. Antiamoebic drugs for treating amoebic colitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Apr 15 ;(2):CD006085.

Horton J. Albendazole: a broad spectrum antihelminthic for treatment of individuals and populations. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2002;15:599 –608.

Kappagoda S, Singh U, Blackburn BG. Antiparasitic therapy. Mayo Clin Proc. 2011;86:561 –83.

Keiser J, Utzinger J. Efficacy of current drugs against soil-transmitted helminth infections: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2008;299:1937 –48.

Montresor A, Gabrielli AF, Chitsulo L. Preventive chemotherapy and the fight against neglected tropical diseases. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2012;10(2):237 –42.

St Georgiev V. Pharmacotherapy of ascariasis. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2001;2:223 –39.

Takayanagui OM, Odashima NS, Bonato PS. Medical management of neurocysticercosis. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2011;12:2845 –56.

20. Antihipertensivos

Diao D, Wright JM, Cundiff DK, Gueyffier F. Pharmacotherapy for mild hypertension. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Aug 15 ;8:CD006742.

Mancia G, Laurent S, Agabti-Rosei E. Reappraisal of European guidelines on hypertension management: a European Society of Hypertension Task Force document. Blood Pres. 2009; 18:308 –47.

Mendoza González C. Guías del Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez” para el tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial sistémica. Arch Cardiol Mex. 2006;76 Supl. 2:279 –84.

Neff KM, Nawarskas JJ. Hydrochlorothiazide versus chlorthalidone in the management of hypertension. Cardiol Rev. 2010;18:51 –6.

Powers B, Greene L, Balfe LM. Updates on the treatment of essential hypertension: a summary of AHRQ’s comparative effectiveness review of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and direct renin inhibitors. J Manag Care Pharm. 2011;17(8 Suppl):S1 –14.

Volpe M, Tocci G. Rationale for triple fixed-dose combination therapy with an angiotensin II receptor blocker, a calcium channel blocker, and a thiazide diuretic. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2012;8:371 –80.

Waeber B, Feihl F, Ruilope LM. Fixed-dose combinations as initial therapy for hypertension: a review of approved agents and a guide to patient selection. Drugs. 2009;69:1761 –76.

Wiysonge CS, Bradley HA, Volmink J. Beta-blockers for hypertension. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Aug 15 ;8:CD002003.

21. Antiinflamatorios

Laine L, White WB, Rostom A, Hochberg M. COX-2 selective inhibitors in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2008;38:165 –87.

Pavelka K. A comparison of the therapeutic efficacy of diclofenac in osteoarthritis: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Curr Med Res Opin. 2012;28(1):163 –78.

Rhen T, Cidlowski JA. Antiinflammatory action of glucocorticoids —a new mechanisms for old drugs. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:1711 –23.

Sostres C, Gargallo CJ, Arroyo MT, Lanas A. Adverse effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, aspirin and coxibs) on upper gastrointestinal tract. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2010;24:121 –32.

22. Antimicóticos

Gupta AK, Cooper EA. Update in antifungal therapy of dermatophytosis. Mycopathologia. 2008;166:353 –67.

Lewis RE. Current concepts in antifungal pharmacology. Mayo Clin Proc. 2011;86:805 –17.

Mohr J, Johnson M, Cooper T. Current options in antifungal pharmacotherapy. Pharmacotherapy. 2008, 28:614 –45.

Moriarty B, Hay R, Morris-Jones R. The diagnosis and management of tinea. Brit Med J. 2012;345:e4380.

Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes D. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of candidiasis: 2009 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48:503 –535.

Piérard GE, Hermanns-Lê T, Delvenne P, Piérard-Franchimont C. Miconazole, a pharmacological barrier to skin fungal infections. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2012;13(8):1187 –94.

Rhodus NL. Treatment of oral candidiasis. Northwest Dent. 2012;91(2):32 –3.

Zhang AY, Camp WL, Elewski BE. Advances in topical and systemic antifungals. Dermatol Clin. 2007;25:165 –83, vi.

23. Antimicrobianos

Abrahamian FM, Talan DA, Moran GJ. Management of skin and soft-tissue infections in the emergency department. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2008;22:89 –116.

Black DJ, Ellsworth A. Practical overview of antibiotics for family physicians. Clin Fam Pract. 2004;6:265 –89.

Brook I. Treatment of anaerobic infection. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2007;5:991 –1006.

Chavez-Bueno S, Stull TL. Antibacterial agents in pediatrics. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2009; 23:865 –80.

Chey WD, Wong BC. American College of Gastroenterology guideline on the management of Helicobacter pylori infection. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102:1808 –25.

Fitzgerald A, Mori R, Lakhanpaul M, Tullus K. Antibiotics for treating lower urinary tract infection in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Aug 15 ;8:CD006857.

Gonçalves-Pereira J, Póvoa P. Antibiotics in critically ill patients: a systematic review of the pharmacokinetics of β-lactams. Crit Care. 2011;15(5):R206.

Hedrick JA. Community-acquired upper respiratory tract infections and the role of third-generation oral cephalosporins. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2010;8:15 –21.

Lagacé-Wiens P, Rubinstein E. Adverse reactions to β-lactam antimicrobials. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2012;11(3):381 –99.

Löfmark S, Edlund C, Nord CE. Metronidazole is still the drug of choice for treatment of anaerobic infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50:S16 –23.

Nascimento-Carvalho CM. Pharmacotherapy of childhood pneumonia. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2010;11:225 –31.

Salkind AR, Rao KC. Antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent surgical site infections. Am Fam Physician. 2011;83:585 –90.

Schollum JB, Walker RJ. Adult urinary tract infection. Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 2012 Apr;73(4):218 –23.

Tamma PD, Cosgrove SE, Maragakis LL. Combination therapy for treatment of infections with gram-negative bacteria. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2012;25(3):450 –70.

Torres A, Liapikou A. Levofloxacin for the treatment of respiratory tract infections. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2012;13(8):1203 –12.

24. Antimigrañosos

Chaibi A, Tuchin PJ, Russell MB. Manual therapies for migraine: a systematic review. J Headache Pain. 2011;12:127 –33.

DAHLöF C, Maassen van den Brink A. Dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, methysergide and sumatriptan—basic science in relation to migraine treatment. Headache. 2012;52(4):707 –14.

Magis D, Schoenen J. Treatment of migraine: update on new therapies. Curr Opin Neurol. 2011;24(3):203 –10.

Pringsheim T, Davenport WJ, Dodick D. Acute treatment and prevention of menstrually related migraine headache: evidence-based review. Neurology. 2008;70:1555 –63.

Taylor FR. Acute treatment of migraine headaches. Semin Neurol. 2010;30:145 –53.

25. Antineoplásicos

Azim HA Jr, Elattar I, Loberiza FR. Third generation triplet cytotoxic chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic overview. Lung Cancer. 2009;64:194 –8.

Barrena Medel NI, Bansal S. Pharmacotherapy of endometrial cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2009;10:1939 –51.

Escherich G, Richards S, Stork LC, Vora AJ. Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Collaborative Group (CALLCG). Meta-analysis of randomised trials comparing thiopurines in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Leukemia. 2011;25:953 –9.

Gerber DE. Targeted therapies: a new generation of cancer treatments. Am Fam Physician. 2008;77:311 –9.

Mcneer JL, Raetz EA. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in young adults: which treatment? Curr Opin Oncol. 2012;24(5):487 –94.

Slovin S. Chemotherapy and immunotherapy combination in advanced prostate cancer. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol. 2012;10(2):90 –100.

26. Antiosteoporósicos

Christenson ES, Jiang X, Kagan R. Osteoporosis management in post-menopausal women. Minerva Ginecol. 2012;64(3):181 –94.

Dominguez LJ, Scalisi R, Barbagallo M. Therapeutic options in osteoporosis. Acta Biomed 2010; 81 Suppl 1:55 –65.

Khosla S, Bilezikian JP, Dempster DW. Benefits and risks of bisphosphonate therapy for osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97(7):2272 –82.

Orchard TS, Pan X, Cheek F. A systematic review of omega-3 fatty acids and osteoporosis. Brit J Nutr. 2012;107 Suppl 2:S253 –60.

27. Antiparkinsonianos

Fernandez HH. Updates in the medical management of Parkinson disease. Cleve Clin J Med. 2012;79:28 –35.

Singer C. Managing the patient with newly diagnosed Parkinson disease. Cleve Clin J Med. 2012;79 Suppl 2:S3 –7.

28. Antiprotozoarios

Escobedo AA, Almirall P, Alfonso M. Treatment of intestinal protozoan infections in children. Arch Dis Child. 2009;94:478 –82.

Kappagoda S, Singh U, Blackburn BG. Antiparasitic therapy. Mayo Clin Proc. 2011;86(6): 561 –83

Perez-Molina JA, Diaz-Menendez M, Perez-Ayala A. Treatment of diseases caused by parasites. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2010;28:44 –59.

Salles JM, Salles MJ, Moraes LA, Silva MC. Invasive amebiasis: an update on diagnosis and management. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2007;5:893 –901.

Travassos MA, Laufer MK. Resistance to antimalarial drugs: molecular, pharmacologic, and clinical considerations. Pediatr Res. 2009;65:64R –70R.

Wilson AL, IPTc Taskforce. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in children (IPTc). PLoS One. 2011;6:e16976.

Wright SG. Protozoan infections of the gastrointestinal tract. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2012; 26(2):323 –39.

29. Antipsicóticos

De Oliveira IR, Juruena MF. Treatment of psychosis: 30 years of progress. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2006; 31:923 –34.

Lieb K, VöLLM B, Rücker G. Pharmacotherapy for borderline personality disorder: Cochrane systematic review of randomised trials. Br J Psychiatry. 2010;196:4 –12.

Lieberman JA. Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in patients with chronic schizophrenia: efficacy, safety and cost outcomes. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007:62:e04.

Nussbaum AM, Stroup TS. Paliperidone palmitate for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Jun 13 ;6:CD008296.

30. Antirreumáticos

Aaltonen KJ, Virkki LM, Malmivaara A. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of existing TNF blocking agents in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One. 2012;7:e30275.

Chen YF, Jobanputra P, Barton P. Cyclooxygenase-2 selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (etodolac, meloxicam, celecoxib, rofecoxib, etoricoxib, valdecoxib and lumiracoxib) for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2008;12:1 –278.

Davis JM 3rd, Matteson EL. American College of Rheumatology; European League Against Rheumatism. My treatment approach to rheumatoid arthritis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Jul;87(7):659 –73.

Forbess LJ, Bass AR. Update in rheumatology: evidence published in 2011. Ann Intern Med. 2012 Jul 17 ;157(2):114 –9.

Gaujoux-Viala C, Smolen JS. Current evidence for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: a systematic literature review informing the EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69:1004 –9.

Kemper AR, Van Mater HA, Coeytaux RR. Systematic review of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs for juvenile idiopathic arthritis. BMC Pediatr. 2012;15:12:29.

Ma MH, Ibrahim F, Walker D. Remission in early rheumatoid arthritis: predicting treatment response. J Rheumatol. 2012;39:470 –5.

Soriano ER. The actual role of therapy with traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in psoriatic arthritis. J Rheumatol Suppl. 2012 Jul;89:67 –70.

31. Antisépticos

Merguerian PA, Sverrisson EF, Herz DB. Urinary tract infections in children: recommendation for antibiotic prophylaxis and evaluation. An evidence-based approach. Cuu Urol Rep. 2010; 11(2)98 –108.

Wagenlehner FM, Wullt B, Perletti G. Antimicrobials in urogenital infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2011;38 Suppl:3 –10.

32. Antituberculosos

Bottger EC, Springer B. Tuberculosis: drug resistance, fitness, and strategies for global control. Eur J Pediatr. 2008;167:141 –8.

Budha NR, Lee RE, Meibohm B. Biopharmaceutics, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antituberculosis drugs. Curr Med Chem. 2008;15:809 –25.

Grosset JH, Singer TG, Bishai WR. New drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis: hope and reality. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2012;16(8):1005 –14.

Mitnick CD, McGee B, Peloquin CA. Tuberculosis pharmacotherapy: strategies to optimize patient care. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2009;10:381 –401.

Sia IG, Wieland ML. Current concepts in the management of tuberculosis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2011;86:348 –61.

33. Antitusígenos y expectorantes

Balser DC. Cough suppressant and pharmacologic protrusive therapy: ACCp evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2006;129:238S –248S.

Bettiol S, Wang K, Thompson MJ, Roberts NW, Perera R, Heneghan CJ, Harnden A. Symptomatic treatment of the cough in whooping cough. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 May 16 ;5:CD003257.

Dicpinigaitis PV. Cough: an unmet clinical need. Brit J Pharmacol. 2011 May;163(1):116 –24.

Fashner J, Ericson K, Werner S. Treatment of the common cold in children and adults. Am Fam Physician. 2012;86(2):153 –9.

34. Antiulcerosos

Ali T, Roberts DN, Tierney WM. Long-term safety concerns with proton pump inhibitors. Am J Med. 2009;122:896 –903.

Bytzer P, Dahlerup JF, Eriksen JR. Diagnosis and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Dan Med Bull. 2011;58:C4271.

Gatta L, Vakil N, Leandro G. Sequential therapy or triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in adults and children. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104:3069 –79.

Haag S, Andrews JM, Katelaris PH. Management of reflux symptoms with over-the-counter proton pump inhibitors: issues and proposed guidelines. Digestion. 2009;80:226 –34.

Pilotto A, Franceschi M, Maggi S. Optimal management of peptic ulcer disease in the elderly. Drugs Aging. 2010;27(7):545 –58.

Thomson AB, Sauve MD, Kassam N. Safety of the long-term use of proton pump inhibitors. World J Gastroenterol. 2010;16:2323 –30.

n Zanten SJ, Henderson C, Hughes N. Patient satisfaction with medication for gastroesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review. Can J Gastroenterol. 2012;26(4):196 –204.

35. Antivirales

Cernik C, Gallina K, Brodell RT. The treatment of herpes simplex infections: an evidence-based review. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168:1137 –44.

Chu C, Selwyn PA. Diagnosis and initial management of acute HIV infection. Am Fam Physician. 2010;81:1239 –44.

Harper SA, Bradley JS, Englund JA. Seasonal influenza in adults and children—diagnosis, treatment, chemoprophylaxis, and institutional outbreak management: clinical practice guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48:1003 –32.

Heim MH. Interferons and hepatitis C virus. Swiss Med Wkly. 2012;142:13586.

Joura EA, Leodolter S, Hernandez-Avila M. Efficacy of a quadrivalent prophylactic human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) L1 virus-like-particle vaccine against high-grade vulval and vaginal lesions: a combined analysis of three randomised clinical trials. Lancet. 2007;369:1693 –702.

Kwok CS, Gibbs S, Bennett C, Holland R, Abbott R. Topical treatments for cutaneous warts. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Sep 12 ;9:CD001781.

Llibre JM, Clotet B. Once-daily single-tablet regimens: a long and winding road to excellence in antiretroviral treatment. AIDS Rev. 2012;14(3):168 –78.

Moss RB, Davey RT, Steigbigel RT, Fang F. Targeting pandemic influenza: a primer on influenza antivirals and drug resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010;65:1086 –93.

Olender S, Wilkin TJ, Taylor BS, Hammer SM. Advances in antiretroviral therapy. Top Antivir Med. 2012;20(2):61 –86.

Schmiedeskamp MR, Kockler DR. Human papillomavirus vaccines. Ann Pharmacother. 2006;40: 1344 –52

Volberding PA, Deeks SG. Antiretroviral therapy and management of HIV infection. Lancet. 2010;376:49 –62.

36. Broncodilatadores

Kazani S, Israel E. Update in asthma 2011. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012 Jul 1 ;186(1):35 –40.

Castro-Rodriguez JA, Rodrigo GJ. A systematic review of long-acting β2-agonists versus higher doses of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma. Pediatrics. 2012;130(3):e650 –7.

Nannini LJ, Lasserson TJ, Poole P. Combined corticosteroid and long-acting beta(2)-agonist in one inhaler versus long-acting beta(2)-agonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Sep 12 ;9:CD006829.

Smith SM, Schroeder K, Fahey T. Over-the-counter (OTC) medications for acute cough in children and adults in ambulatory settings. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Aug 15 ;8:CD001831.

37. Corticosteroides

Annane D, Bellissant E, Bollaert PE. Corticosteroids in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock in adults: a systematic review. JAMA. 2009;301:2362 –75.

Blaiss MS. Safety update regarding intranasal corticosteroids for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2011;32(6):413 –8.

Castela E, Archier E, Devaux S. Topical corticosteroids in plaque psoriasis: a systematic review of risk of adrenal axis suppression and skin atrophy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2012;26 Suppl 3:47 –51.

Castro-Rodriguez JA, Rodrigo GJ. The role of inhaled corticosteroids and montelukast in children with mild-moderate asthma: results of a systematic review with meta-analysis. Arch Dis Child. 2010;95:365 –70.

Cookson H, Smith C. Systemic treatment of adult atopic dermatitis. Clin Med. 2012 Apr;12(2): 172 –6.

García Sánchez V, Iglesias Flores E. What determines corticosteroid choice in a specific patient? Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;31:27 –37.

Sastre J, Mosges R. Local and systemic safety of intranasal corticosteroids. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2012;22:1 –12.

Snider KR, Potter TG. Budesonide for the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis. Ann Pharmacother. 2011;45(9):1144 –50.

38. Dermatológicos

Archer CB, Cohen SN, Baron SE; British Association of Dermatologists and Royal College of General Practitioners. Guidance on the diagnosis and clinical management of acne. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2012;37 Suppl 1:1 –6.

Currie BJ, McCarthy JS. Permethrin and ivermectin for scabies. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(8):717 –25.

Denby KS, Beck LA. Update on systemic therapies for atopic dermatitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;12(4):421 –6.

Drucker CR. Update on topical antibiotics in dermatology. Dermatol Ther. 2012;25(1):6 –11.

Fernandez-Obregon AC, Rohrback J. Current use of anti-infectives in dermatology. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2005;3:557 –91.

Garner SE, Eady A, Bennett C. Minocycline for acne vulgaris: efficacy and safety. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Aug 15 ;8:CD002086.

Greenhalgh DG. Topical antimicrobial agents for burn wounds. Clin Plast Surg. 2009;36:597 –606.

Gupta AK, Simpson FC. New therapeutic options for onychomycosis. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2012;13(8):1131 –42.

Kelly BP. Superficial fungal infections. Pediatr Rev. 2012;33(4):e22-37.

Kosta MY, Leon G, Arieh I. New insights in pediculosis and scabies. Expert Rev Dermatol. 2009;4:285 –302.

Leone PA. Scabies and pediculosis pubis: an update of treatment regimens and general review. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44 Suppl 3:S153 –9.

Sagransky M, Yentzer BA, Feldman SR. Benzoyl peroxide: a review of its current use in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2009;10:2555 –62.

Shamban AT, Narurkar VA. Multimodal treatment of acne, acne scars and pigmentation. Dermatol Clin. 2009;27:459 –71.

Tadicherla S, Ross K, Shenefelt PD, Fenske NA. Topical corticosteroids in dermatology. J Drugs Dermatol. 2009;8:1093 –105.

Webster GF. Evidence-based review: fixed-combination therapy and topical retinoids in the treatment of acne. J Drugs Dermatol. 2011 Jun;10(6):636 –44.

39. Diuréticos

Ernst ME, Moser M. Use of diuretics in patients with hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:2153 –64.

Guglin M. Reappraisal of the role of diuretics in heart failure. Cardiol Rev. 2009;17:56 –9.

Hix JK, Silver S, Sterns RH. Diuretic-associated hyponatremia. Semin Nephrol. 2011;31(6): 553 –66.

Musini VM, Rezapour P, Wright JM. Blood pressure lowering efficacy of loop diuretics for primary hypertension. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Aug 15 ;8:CD003825.

Rakieh C, Conaghan PG. Diagnosis and treatment of gout in primary care. Practitioner. 2011;255(1746):17 –20, 2 –3.

Rochling FA, Zetterman RK. Management of ascites. Drugs. 2009;69:1739 –60.

Segar JL. Neonatal diuretic therapy: furosemide, thiazides, and spironolactone. Clin Perinatol. 2012;39(1):209 –20.

Sica DA. Diuretic use in renal disease. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2011;8(2):100 –9.

40. Glucósidos cardioactivos y otros inotrópicos positivos

Gheorghiade M, Harinstein ME, Filippatos GS. Digoxin for the treatment of chronic and acute heart failure syndromes. Acute Card Care. 2009;11:83 –7.

Hasenfuss G, Teerlink JR. Cardiac inotropes: current agents and future directions. Eur Heart J. 2011;32:1838 –45.

Movesian M, Stehlik J, Vandeput F. Phosphodiesterase inhibition in heart failure. Heart Fail Rev. 2009;14:255 –63.

Tacon CL, McCaffrey J, Delaney A. Dobutamine for patients with severe heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Intensive Care Med. 2012;38(3):359 –67.

Teerlink JR, Metra M, Zaca V. Agents with inotropic properties for the management of acute heart failure syndromes. Traditional agents and beyond. Heart Fail Rev. 2009;14:243 –53.

Lorenzo JA, Martínez R, López MR. Tratamiento médico farmacológico de la insuficiencia cardiaca compensada y dependiendo de la etiología. Arch Cardiol Méx. 2007;77:S1, 39 –46.

41. Hipolipemiantes

Abourbih S, Filion KB, Joseph L. Effect of fibrates on lipid profiles and cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review. Am J Med. 2009;122:962 –8.

Alexander KP, Blazing MA, Rosenson RS. Management of hyperlipidemia in older adults. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 2009;14:49 –58.

Chhabria MT, Mahajan BM. Update on patented cholesterol absorption inhibitors. Expert Opin Ther Pat. 2009;19:1083 –107.

Jukema JW, Cannon CP, de Craen AJ. The controversies of statin therapy: weighing the evidence. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60(10):875 –81.

Mcgovern L, Johnson JN, Paulo R. Clinical review: treatment of pediatric obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93:4600 –5.

Gorman CS, O’Neill MB, Conwell LS. Considering statins for cholesterol-reduction in children if lifestyle and diet changes do not improve their health: a review of the risks and benefits. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2010;7:1 –14.

Preiss D, Tikkanen MJ, Welsh P. Lipid-modifying therapies and risk of pancreatitis: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2012;308(8):804 –11.

Sjouke B, Kusters DM, Kastelein JJ. Familial hypercholesterolemia: present and future management. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2011;13:527 –36.

Viljoen A, Wierzbicki AS. Diagnosis and treatment of severe hypertriglyceridemia. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2012;10(4):505 –14.

42. Hormonas

Bensenor IM, Olmos RD, Lotufo PA. Hypothyroidism in the elderly: diagnosis and management. Clin Interv Aging. 2012;7:97 –111.

Bhasin S, Cunningham GR, Hayes FJ. Testosterone therapy in men with androgen deficiency syndromes: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010; 95(6):2536 –59.

Chakera AJ, Pearce SH, Vaidya B. Treatment for primary hypothyroidism: current approaches and future possibilities. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2012;6:1 –11.

Maki PM, Henderson VW. Hormone therapy, dementia, and cognition: the Women’s Health Initiative 10 years on. Climacteric. 2012;15(3):256 –62.

Shifren JL, Schiff I. Role of hormone therapy in the management of menopause. Obstet Gynecol. 2010; 115(4):839 –55.

Tao M, Teng Y, Shao H, Wu P, Mills EJ. Knowledge, perceptions and information about hormone therapy (HT) among menopausal women: a systematic review and meta-synthesis. PLoS One. 2011;6:e24661.

Taylor HS, Manson JE. Update in hormone therapy use in menopause. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96:255 –64.

43. Inmunoglobulinas e inmunomoduladores

Bach JF. Immunosuppressive therapy of autoimmune diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 1993;14:213 –6.

Kaveri SV, Maddur MS, Hegde P. Intravenous immunoglobulins in immunodeficiencies: more than mere replacement therapy. Clin Exp Immunol. 2011;164 (Suppl 2):2 –5.

Kötter I, Hamuryudan V, Oztürk ZE, Yazici H. Interferon therapy in rheumatic diseases: state of the art 2010. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2010;22(3):278 –283.

Mccoll KE. I.V. immunoglobulin therapy for infectious diseases. Drug Ther Bull. 2010;48(5):57 –60.

44. Oftálmicos

Cronau H, Kankanala RR, Mauger T. Diagnosis and management of red eye in primary care. Am Fam Physician. 2010;81:137 –44.

Cheng JW, Cheng SW, Yu DY. Meta-analysis of α2-adrenergic agonists versus carbonic anhydrase inhibitors as adjunctive therapy. Curr Med Res Opin. 2012;28(4):543 –50.

Dennis P, Lafuma A, Khoshnood B. A meta-analysis of topical prostaglandin analogues introocular pressure lowering in glaucoma therapy. Curr Med Res Opin. 2007;23:601 –8.

Høvding G. Acute bacterial conjunctivitis. Acta Ophthalmol. 2008;86:5 –17.

Marquis RE, Whitson JT. Management of glaucoma: focus on pharmacological therapy. Drugs Aging. 2005;22:1 –21.

Razeghinejad MR, Katz LJ. Steroid-induced iatrogenic glaucoma. Ophthalmic Res. 2012;47:66 –80.

Sharma P, Sample PA, Zangwill LM. Diagnostic tools for glaucoma detection and management. Surv Ophthalmol. 2008;53(Suppl1):S17 –32.

Sheikh A, Hurwitz B, van Schayck CP. Antibiotics versus placebo for acute bacterial conjunctivitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Sep 12 ;9:CD001211.

45. Sedantes hipnóticos y ansiolíticos

Baldwin D, Woods R, Lawson R, Taylor D. Efficacy of drug treatments for generalised anxiety disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis. Brit Med J. 2011;342:d1199.

Becker DE. Pharmacodynamic considerations for moderate and deep sedation. Anesth Prog. 2012;59:28 –42.

Ipser JC, Kariuki CM, Stein DJ. Pharmacotherapy for social anxiety disorder: a systematic review. Expert Rev Neurother. 2008;8:235 –57.

Kellner M. Drug treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2010;12(2):187 –97.

Kupfer DJ, Frank E, Phillips ML. Major depressive disorder: new clinical, neurobiological, and treatment perspectives. Lancet. 2012;379(9820):1045 –55.

Martin JL, Sainz-Pardo M, Furukawa TA. Benzodiazepines in generalized anxiety disorder: heterogeneity of outcomes based on a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. J Psychopharmacol. 2007;21:774 –82.

Sheehan DV, Sheehan KH. Current approaches to the pharmacologic treatment of anxiety disorders. Psychopharmacol Bull. 2007;40:98 –109.

Sinclair LI, Nutt DJ. Anxiolytics. Handb Clin Neurol. 2012;106:669 –79.

Uthman OA, Abdulmalik J. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of pharmacotherapeutic agents for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: a mixed treatment comparison meta-analysis. Curr Med Res Opin. 2010;26:53 –9.

n Marwijk H, Allick G, Wegman F. Alprazolam for depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Jul 11 ;7:CD007139.

46. Vacunas, sueros y toxoides

Brattberg G, Segal L. Spider bites. Assessment and management. Aust Fam Physician. 2009; 38(11):862 –7.

Demirjian A, Levy O. Neonatal vaccination: a once in a lifetime opportunity. Pediatr Infect Dis. 2009;28:833 –5.

Demirjian A, Levy O. Safety and efficacy of neonatal vaccination. Eur J Immunol. 2009;39:36 –46.

Galea SA, Sweet A, Beninger P. The safety profile of varicella vaccine: a 10-year review. J Infect Dis. 2008;197(Suppl 2):S165 –9.

Heim MH. Interferons and hepatitis C virus. Swiss Med Wkly. 2012;142:w13586.

Jacobson RM. An update on childhood and adolescent vaccines. Mayo Clin Proc. 2009;84(5): 457 –9

Jefferson T, Rivetti A, Di Pietrantonj C. Vaccines for preventing influenza in healthy children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Aug 15 ;8:CD004879.

Munoz FM. Safety of influenza vaccines in pregnant women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012;207(3 Suppl):S33 –7.

Programa de Vacunación Universal en México. México 2010. Secretaría de Salud.

Siddiqui MAA, Perry CM. Human papillomavirus quadrivalent (types 6, 11, 16, 18) recombinant vaccine. Drugs. 2006;66:1263 –71.

Warrell DA. Snake bite. Lancet. 2010;375(9708):77 –88.

47. Vitaminas y minerales

Bordelon P, Ghetu MV, Langan RC. Recognition and management of vitamin D deficiency. Am Fam Physician. 2009;80:841 –6.

Cooper MS, Gittoes NJ. Diagnosis and management of hypocalcemia. Brit Med J. 2008; 336:1298 –302.

Greer FR, Krebs NF. American Academy of Pediatrics. Optimizing bone health and calcium intakes of infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2006;117:578 –85.

Heymann WR. Scurvy in children. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007;57:358 –9.

Kumar N. Nutritional neuropathies. Neurol Clin. 2007;25:209 –55.

Muller DP. Vitamin E and neurological function. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2010;54:1 –9.

Reynolds E. Vitamin B12, folic acid, and the nervous system. Lancet Neurol. 2006;5:949 –60.

Rutkowski M, Grzegorczyk K. Adverse effects of antioxidative vitamins. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2012;25(2):105 –21.

Sommer A. Vitamin A deficiency and clinical disease: an historical overview. J Nutr. 2008;138:1835 –9.

Wagner CL, Greer FR; American Academy of Pediatrics. Prevention of rickets and vitamin D deficiency in infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2008;122:1142 –52.

Yakoob MY, Bhutta ZA. Effect of routine iron supplementation with or without folic acid on anemia during pregnancy. BMC Public Health. 2011;11(Suppl 3):S21.

Contenido del capítulo