Créditos

2.4: Adaptado de Bruce Alberts, “Essential Cell Biology” 1998 Routledge/Taylor & Francis; 2.5: Adaptado de R.J. Ellis, Macromolecular Crowding: Obvious but Underappreciated, Trends in Biochem Sci 26(10): 597-604 2001, Elsevier.; 2.8: Adaptado de Prescott, et al., Microbiology 4/e. Copyright 1999 by the McGraw-Hill Companies; 2.9a: Adaptado de David S. Goodsell, The Machinery of Life, 1998. Copyright © 1998 Spinger-Verlag. Reimpreso con autorización de Springer-Verlag Germany; 2.9b: Adaptado de David S. Goodsell, The Machinery of Life, 1998. Copyright © 1998 Springer-Verlag. Reimpreso con autorización de Springer-Verlag Germany; 2.12, imagen inicial: Adaptado de 4/e Pearson/Benjamin Cummings, Campbell & Reece, Biology, 7th ed. 2005. Fig 7.7, p. 127; 2.13: Cortesía de Audrey M. Glauert and G.M.W. Cook; 2.14: Adaptado de Becker, Kleinsmith & Hardin, World of the Cell, 4/e. 2000, Addison Wesley Longman. Reimpreso con autorización de Pearson Education, Inc.; 2.15: Adaptado de the World of the Cell, 4th ed by Wayne M. Becherk, Lewis J. Kleinsmith, and Jeff Hardin. Copyright © 2000 by Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Reimpreso con autorización de Pearson Education, Inc.; 2.16: Adaptado de Becker, Kleinsmith & Hardin, World of the Cell, 4/e. 2000 Addison Wesley Longman; 2.17: P. Schulz/Biology Media/Photo Researchers Inc; 2.18 (arriba): Adaptado de Don Fawcett/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 2.18 [abajo]: Adaptado de Becker, Kleinsmith & Hardin, World of the Cell, 4/e. 2000 Addison Wesley Longman; 2.19: Adaptado de Geoffrey Cooper “The Cell: A Molecular Approach” 1997 Sinauer; 2.20: Adaptado de M.M. Perry and A.B. Gilbert, J of Cell Science 39:257-272; 2.21: Adaptado de Thomas Zeuthen, Trends in Biochemical Sciences, Vol. 26, No 2 pp. 77-79 copyright 2001 Elsevier; 2.22a: Adaptado de Annual Review of Biochemistry, Vol. 52, 1983.; 2.22b: International J Biochem Mol Biol 1(1): 69-89, 2010, H. Liu et al. Figure 2B, p. 70; 2.23: Becker et al, The World of the Cell, 2000 Addison Wesley Longman; 2.25a: W. Schuler/Photo Researchers Inc; 2.25b: © 2011 J.L. Carson/Custom Medical Stock Photo, All Rights Reserved; 2.25c: Dr. Peter Dawson/Science Photo Library/Photo Researches, Inc.; 2.26: Reimpreso con autorización de R. Lewis, Life, 3rd ed., 1998, McGraw-Hill.; 2.27: Donald E. Ingber, Cellular Tensegrity: Defining New Rules of Biological Design that Govern the Cytoskeleton J. Cell Science 104:613-627 1993 fig. 2, p. 615; 2.28: Adaptado de Becker, Kleinsmith & Hardin, World of the Cell, 4/e. 2000 Addison Wesley Longman; 2A: Adaptado de Geoffrey Cooper “The Cell: A Molecular Approach” 1997 Sinauer; 2B: Adaptado de Lehringer Principles of Biochemistry by David Nelson and Michael Cox. Copyright © 2000, 1993, 1982 by Worth Publishers permissonsdept@worthpublishers.com.

imagen inicial : NASA; 3.1: Adaptado de Silverberg, Chemistry 2/e Copryight © The McGraw-Hill Companies; 3.8: Adaptado de R. Chang, Chemistry 7/e, McGraw-Hill; 3.11: Adaptado de Pearson/Benjamin Cummings, Campbell & Reece, Biology, 7th ed. 2005. Fig 6.27b, p. 117; 3A: Adaptado de Linda Huff, American Scientist, September-October 1997 Volume 85.

imagen inicial : Image Source Balck/Alamay.

imagen inicial: photoresearchers BD3872 http://db2.photoresearchers.com/cgi-bin/big_preview.txt?image_iid=11034346; 5.15a: Adaptado de “Molecules of Life,” Purdue University; 5.15b: Adaptado de “Molecules of Life” Purdue University; 5.17: Adaptado de Carl Brandon & John Tooze. Introduction to Protein Structure, 2nd ed 1999. Garland 3.14, 44.; 5.19b: Adaptado de Garrett and Grisham, Biochemistry, 1996, Brooks Cole; 5.20c: Adaptado de C. Brandon & J. Tooze, Intro to Protein Structure, 2nd ed, 1999, Garland fig 5.3 p. 68; 5.20d: Adaptado de C. Brandon & Tooze, Intro to Protein Structure, 2nd ed, 1999. Garland fig 4.14c p. 58.; 5.20e: Adaptado de Brandon & Tooze, Intro to Protein Structure, 2nd ed, 1999. Garland fig 10.1 p. 176.; 5.21a: Adaptado de Annual Review of Biochemistry, vol. 45, 1976.; 5.21c: Adaptado de © 1999 from Introduction to Protein Structure by Carl Brandon and John Tooze. Reproducido con autorización de Routledge, Inc., part of Taylor & Francis Group; 5.21d: Adaptado de © 1999 from Introduction to Protein Structure by Carl Brandon and John Tooze. Reproducido con autorización de Routledge, Inc., part of Taylor & Francis Group; 5.21e: Adaptado de © 1999 from Introduction to Protein Structure by Carl Brandon and John Tooze. Reproducido con autorización de Routledge, Inc., part of Taylor & Francis Group; 5.22: Adaptado de Lain D. Campbell and A.K. Downing, NMR of Modular Proteins Nature Structural Biology NMR Supplement p 496 fig 1; 5.24: Adaptado de a figure published in Biophysical Journal, 72, C. Reid and R.P. Rand, “Probing Protein Hydration and Conformational States in Solution,” pp. 1022-1030, Copyright Elsevier (1997).; 5.25: Adaptado de GARRETT. Principles of Biochemistry with a Human Focus, 1E. © 2002 Brooks/Cole, a part of Cengate Learning, Inc. Reproduced by permission. www.cengate.com/permissions; 5.27: Adaptado de H.J. Dyson & P.E. Wright, Intrinsically Unstructured Proteins and Their Functions, Nature reviews: molecular cell biology, p. 200 Box 2 fig a; 5.29a: Adaptado de FEBS Letters, 498, Sergio T. Ferreira, Fernanda G. De Felice, Protein dynamics, folding and misfolding: from basic physical chemistry to human conformational diseases, pp. 129-134, Copyright (2001), with permission from Elsevier.; 5.29b: Adaptado de Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 25, Sheena E. Radford, Protein folding: progress made and promises ahead, pp. 611-618, Copyright (2000), with permission from Elsevier.; 5.30a-c: Adaptado de Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 25, Sheena E. Radford, Protein folding: progress made and promises ahead, pp. 611-618, Copyright (2000), with permission from Elsevier.; 5.31: Adaptado de Xu, Horwich and Stigler, “The Crystal Structure of the Asymmetric Gro-El-Gros-Es-(ADP)7 Chaperonen Complex” Nature Vol. 388 August 21, 1997 p.741-50; 5.33: Adaptado de Garrett & Grisham Biochemistry 1996 Brooks Cole; 5.36: Adaptado de K.A. Piez in B.D. Betlander. Ed., The Protein Folding Problem AAAS Selected Symposium 89 American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington DC 1984 pp.47-61. Courtesy of the Collagen Corporation. Reproducido con autorización de American Association for the Advancement of Science; 5A: © Shutterstock.com; 5B: © Simon Peers and Nicholas Godley; 5D: Adaptado de Volrath, F. and Knight, D.P. “Structure and Function of the Silk Production Pathway in the Spider Nephila ebulis.” Int. J. Bio. Macro. 24:243-249, 1999; 5E: Dennis Kunkel Microscopy, Inc.; 5G: Adaptado de Christopher K. Matthews and K.E. Van Holde, “Biochemistry 2/e” 1996 Benjamin Cummings; 5I: Adaptado de Nelson & Cox Lehringer, Principles of Biochemistry, 4th ed. Freeman/Worth permissonsdept@worthpublishers.com fig 1 p. 102; [cap. 5 no numerado]: Adaptado de ©1999 from Introduction to Protein Structure by Carl Brandon and John Tooze. Reproducido con autorización de Routledge, Inc. part of the Taylor & Francis Group; en línea: Adaptado de Figure 16.9 p. 462 World of the Cell, 6th ed. Wayne M. Becker, Lewis J. Kleinsmith, Jeff Hardin. 2006 Pearson; en línea: Adaptado de Pollard, T. D. & Earnshaw, W. Cell Biology 2002 Saunders (Elsevier) p. 607 fig 39.3; en línea: Adaptado de Pollard, T. D. & Earnshaw, W. Cell Biology 2002 Saunders (Elsevier) p. 607 fig 39.3; en línea: Adaptado de a figure © Rockefeller University Press, 2004. Originally published in Journal of General Physiology. 123:642-656.

6.2a: Adaptado de Biochemistry, 2nd ed. By Christopher K. Matthews and K.E. Van Holde. Copyright (c) 1996 by The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc. Reprinted by permission of Pearson Education, Inc.; 6.2b: Adaptado de Biochemistry, 2nd ed. By Christopher K. Matthews and K.E. Van Holde. Copyright (c) 1996 by The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc. Reprinted by permission of Pearson Education, Inc.

7.38: Adaptado de S.L. Wolfe, “Cell Ultrastructure 1/e” 1985 Brooks Cole an imprint of the Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning; 7.40: Adaptado de Lehringer Principles of Biochemistry by David Nelson and Michael Cox 2000, 1993, 1982 W.H. Freeman/Worth permissonsdept@worthpublishers.com

8.7: Adaptado con permiso de: Hamori, Eugene, “Illustration of Free Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions.” Journal of Chemical Education. 52:6 pp. 370-373 (1975). Copyright 1975 American Chemical Society.

imagen inicial: Adaptado de Hutcheon, Duncan, Ngai and Cross, Proceedings of the National Academy of the Sciences of the US, Vol 98. 2001. Reimpreso con autorización de Richard L. Cross; 10.4: Adaptado de Garrett & Grisham Biochemistry 2/e, 1999, Brooks Cole; 10.6: Adaptado de Molecular Biology of the Cell by Bruce Alberts, et al. Reproducido con autorización de Routledge, Inc., part of the Taylor and Francis Group. (Garland); 10.8: Adaptado de Nielson & Cox, Lehringer Priciples of Biochemistry, 4th Ed, 2005, WH Freeman, Fig 19.14, p702; 10.13: Adaptado de D.F. Parons, “Mitochondrial Structure: Two Types of Subunits on Negatively Stained Mitochondrial Membranes.” Science 1963. 140: page 985.; 10.14: Adaptado de Trends in Biochemical Sciences, Vol 22, Jung, Hill, Engelbrecht, pp. 420-423. Reimpreso con autorización de Elsevier Science.; 10.15: Adaptado de GARRETT. Principles of Biochemistry with a Human Focus, 1E. © 2002 Brooks/Cole, a part of Cengate Learning, Inc. Reproduced by permission. www.cengate.com/permissions; 10.18: Adaptado de C.R. Scriver et al, “The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Diseases,” 2001, McGraw-Hill.

imagen inicial: Adaptado de Geoffrey Cooper “The Cell: A Molecular Approach” 1997 Sinauer; 11.3: Adaptado de Leonard Lessin/Peter Arnold. Inc.; 11.3: Adaptado de Leonard Lessin/FBPA; 11.6(a),(b): Adaptado de Leonard Lessin/Peter Arnold, Inc.; 11.13: Adaptado de Leonard Lessin/FBPA; 11.18(a)-(c): Adaptado de Leonard Lessin/Peter Arnold, Inc.; 11.21: Adaptado de Geoffrey Cooper: The Cell: A Molecular Approach 1997 Sinauer; 11.27: Adaptado de Geoffrey Cooper “The Cell: A Molecular Approach” 1997 Sinauer; 11.29: Adaptado de Lehringer Principles of Biochemistry by David Nelson and Michael M. Cox 2004 W.H. Freeman 11.20b p. 385; 11.32: Adaptado de Thomas Zeuthen, Trends in Biochemical Sciences, Vol. 26, No 2 pp. 77-79 copyright 2001 Elsevier; n/a: Adaptado de Thomas Zeuthen, Trends in Biochemical Sciences, Vol. 26, No 2 pp. 77-79 copyright 2001 Elsevier.

imagen inicial: © Getty. Jupiter Images/Comstock/Thinkstock; 12.15: Adaptado de Annual Review of Biochemistry, Vol. 52, 1983; 12.19a: Adaptado de GARRETT. Principles of Biochemistry with a Human Focus, 1E. © 2002 Brooks/Cole, a part of Cengate Learning, Inc. Reproduced by permission. www.cengate.com/permissions; 12.19b: Adaptado de International J Biochem Mol Biol 1(1): 69-89, 2010, H. Liu et al. fig. 2B, p. 70.

imagen inicial: Minden Pictures/Getty Images. Photographers: Michael & Patricia Fogden; 13.3a: Adaptado de Becker et al, The World of the Cell, 2000 Addison Wesley Longman; 13.3b: Adaptado de Becker et al, The World of the Cell, 2000 Addison Wesley Longman; 13.4: Adaptado de Anderson & Anderson, Trends in Biochemical Sciences Vol. 7, 1982, Elsevier Science; 13.5: Adaptado de Nelson, N. & Ben-Shem, A. The Complex Architecture of Oxygenic Photosynthesis Nature Reviews: Mol Cell Biol 5: 971-82 p. 978 fig 5a; 13.6: Adaptado de A. Melkozernov; 13.8: Adaptado de Trends in Biochemical Sciences, Vol. 22, Jung, Hill, Engelbrecht, pp. 420-423; 13.11: Adaptado de A. Melkozernov; 13.12a,b: Adaptado de A. Melkozernov; 13.16a: Adaptado de Nelson, N. & Ben-Shem, A. The Complex Architecture of Oxygenic Photosynthesis Nature Reviews: Mol Cell Biol 5: 971-82 p. 978 fig 5b; 13.16b: Adaptado de A. Melkozernov; 13.17: Adaptado de Becker et al. “The World of the Cell 4e” 2000 Addison Wesley Longman; 13.18: Adaptado de Becker et al. “The World of the Cell, 4/e” 2000. Addison Wesley Longman; 13.24: Adaptado de Becker et al, “World of the Cell, 4/e” 2000, Addison Wesley Longman.

imagen inicial: Jon Walsh/Photoresearchers, Inc.; 14.1: Adaptado con permiso de P.C. Dossantos et.al, “Formation and Insertion of the Nitrogenase Iron-Molybdenum Cofactor” Chemical Review 104: 1159-1173, 2004, fig. no. 1, page no. 1161. Copyright 2005 American Chemical Society.

imagen inicial: Adaptado de David S. Goodsell. The Molecular Perspective Ubiquiton & the Proteasome The Oncologist 8(#):293-294, 2004. p. 2 fig. 2c, AlphaMed Press, Inc.; 15.2: Adaptado de Richsteiner, M. and Hill, C.P. Mobilizing the Proteolytic Machine: Cell Biological Roles of Proteasome Activators & Inhibitors, Trends Cell Biol 15(1):27-33 2005 p. 27,28 Fig. 1, 3.

16.1: Adaptado de J. Coolman and K.H. Rahn, “Color Atlas of Biochemistry,” 1999, Thieme Medical Publishers; 16.4: Adaptado de Becker et al. “The World of the Cell, 4/e” 2000, Addison Wesley Longman; 16.6: Adaptado de Becker et al. “The World of the Cell, 4/e” 2000, Addison Wesley Longman; 16.8: Adaptado de Geoffrey Cooper, “The Cell: A Molecular Approach, 1997, The Sinauer Associates; 16.10: Adaptado de T.M. Delving, “Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations,” 1999, John Wiley and Sons.

imagen inicial: © India Pictures/Corbis; 17.1: A.C. Barrington/Photo Researchers; 17.10(c): Lee D. Simon, Department of Genetics, Rutgers University; 17.11: Reimpreso con autorización de Macmillan Publishers Ltd: Nature. R.E. Franklin and R. Gosling. Molecular configuration in sodium thymonucleate. Nature 171: 740-741 © 1953; 17.12: Adaptado de Lehninger, Nelson, & Cox “Principles” 2000 Worth Publishers; 17.15: Adaptado de T.A. Brown, Genomes, 1999, BIOS Scientific Publishers Oxford UK; 17.17: Adaptado de Taylor and Francis; 17.18: Thomas D. Pollard and William C. Earnshaw Cell Biology 2002 Saunders/Elsevier p. 202 fig 13.6E; 17.19: Adaptado de Watson et al. Mol Biol. of the Gene, Pearson/Benj. Cummings p. 154-155, 7.19a&b, 7.20; 17.21: Adaptado de C.K. Matthews and K.E. Van Holde Biochemistry, 2nd ed. 1996 Benjamin Cummings; 17.23: Adaptado de T.A. Brown, Genomes, 1999, BIOS Scientific Publishers Oxford UK; 17.24: Adaptado de T. A. Brown Genomics 3, 2007. Garland Fig 7.16 p. 212.

17J: Jean Claude Ray-ISM/Phototake.

18.5: Adaptado de Becker et al. “The World of the Cell 4e” 2000 Addison Wesley Longman; 18.6: Adaptado de T.A. Steitz, A Mechanism for All Polymerases Nature 391:231-32 p. 231, fig. 1; 18.7: Adaptado de Oxford University Press and Cell Press 2000. Reprinted from Genes VII by Benjamin Lewin (2000) by permission of Oxford University Press; 18.8: Adaptado de Benjamin Lewin, Oxford University Press and Cell Press, 2000. Reprinted from Genes VII; 18.9: Adaptado de Erzberger, J.P., Mott, ML & Berger, JM Structural Basis for ATP dependent AnaA Assembly and Replication Origin Remodeling Nature Struc Mol Biol 12(8):676-683. p. 677, fig. 1; 18.12: Adaptado de Garrett & Grisham, Biochemistry, 3rd ed. 2005 Thomson/Brooks Cole, fig. 28.10, p. 907; 18.13: Adaptado de T. A. Brown, Genomes 3, Garland Science, New York. fig 15.22 p. 488; 18.16: Adaptado de T.A. Brown, Genomes 3, Garland Science p. 483 fig 15.15; 18.18: Adaptado de T. A. Brown Genomes 3 Garland Science p. 491 fig 15.25; 18.19: Adaptado de T. A. Brown Genomes 3 Garland Science p. 491, fig 15.25; 18.20: Adaptado de Molecular Biology of the Gene, 5th ed. by James D. Watson, et al. Copyright 2004 by Pearson Education; 18.21: Adaptado de Watson et al. Mol Biol of the Gene, Pearson/Benj Cummings p. 249, fig. 9.13; 18.27: Adaptado de A. Landy and R.A. Weisber, R.W. Hendrix, Lambda II, Coldspring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1983; 18.32: Adaptado de Lehninger, Nelson, and Cox, “Principles of Biochemistry:” 2000, Worth Publishers; 18.33: Adaptado de Lehninger, Nelson and Cox. “Principles...” 2000, Worth Pres; 18.35: Adaptado de Korzheva, N. et al. A Structural Model of Transcription Elongation Science 289: 619-625, fig 3 p. 622; 18.36: Adaptado de T.A. Brown, Genomes 3 2007 Garland Science p. 337, fig 12.5; 18.37: Adaptado de T.A. Brown, Genomes 3 2007, Garland Science p 337 fig 12.5; 18.38: Adaptado de G. Karp, Cell and Molecular Biology Concepts and Experiments, 4th ed. John Wiley, 2005. fig 12.47 p. 534; 18.41: Linda A. Cicero/Stanford News Service; 18.42: Adaptado de R.D. Kornberg The Molecular Basis of Eukaryotic Transcription PNAS USA 104:12955-61 2007 p.12957, fig. 6; 18.43: Adaptado de Chadick, J.Z. and Asturias, F.S. Structure of Eukaryotic Mediator Complexes, Trends in Biochemical Sciences 30(4):264-271, 2005. p. 267 fig 3; 18.47: Adaptado de the Power of Riboswitches by Jeffrey E. Barrick and Ronald R. Breaker. Copyright 2007 Scientific American; 18.48: Adaptado de Azubel, M. et. al. Native Spliceosomes Assembled with Pre-mRNA to Form Suprasplicesomes. J. Mol Biol. 356: 955-66, 2006 Fig 7b p. 963; 18.51: Adaptado de Jeffrey Baereck & Ronald R. Breaker, The Power of Riboswitches, Scientific American 296(1): 50-57, 2007 p 55; 18.52: Adaptado de Alberts et. al. Mol Biol of the Cell, 4th ed., Garland Science fig 7.50 p. 407; 18.53: Adaptado de Terence A. Brown, Genomes, 1999. Reimpreso con permiso de BIOS Scientific Publishers, Oxford, UK; 18.54: Adaptado de Alberts et al., Mol Biol of the Cell, 4th ed. Garland p. 319, fig 6.27, Routledge Taylor and Francis; 18A: Adaptado de Prescott et al. Microbiology 4/e 1999 MGH; 18B: Adaptado de E.W. Nester, “Microbiology: A Human Perspective, 3/e” © 2001 McGraw-Hill; 18C: Keith V. Wood; 18E: Adaptado de R.H. Tamarin, Principles of Genetics, 6/e © 1999 The McGraw-Hill Companies; 18F: Adaptado de E.W. Nester “Microbiology: A Human Perspective, 3e” © 2000 The McGraw-Hill Companies; 18G: Adaptado de Molecular Cell Biology by J. Darnell, H. Lodish, D. Baltimore, P. Matsudaira, S. Zipursky, and A. Berk. Copyright 2000, 1995, 1990, 1986 by Scientific American Books. Used with permission of W.H. Freeman and Company; 18H: Adaptado de R. H. Tamarin, Principles of Genetics, 6/e The McGraw-Hill Companies; 18H: AFFYMETRIX Inc.

imagen inicial: Adaptado de Harry Noller, University of California, Santa Cruz-via Phyllis Tveit Center for Molecular Biology of RNA; 19.1: Adaptado de Lodish et al. “Molecular Cell Biology” 4/e, 2000; 19.6: Adaptado de Molecular Cell Biology by J. Darnell, H. Lodish, D. Baltimore, P. Matsudaira, S. Zipursky, and A. Berk. Copyright 2000, 1995, 1990, 1986 by Scientific American Books. Used with permission of W.H. Freeman and Company; 19.13: Adaptado de L.I. Slobin “Polypeptide Chain Elongation,” in Translation in Eukaryotes, edited by H. Trachsel, 1991. Copyright CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida; 19.19: Adaptado de “The World of the Cell,” Becker et al. 2000, Addison Wesley & Longman; 19C: Reimpreso de The Lancet, 356, Rosamonde E. Banks et al, “Proteomics: New Perspectives, New Biomedical Opportunities,” pp. 1749-1756, Copyright 2000, with permission from Elsevier.